{"id":12080,"date":"2026-01-03T17:38:35","date_gmt":"2026-01-03T17:38:35","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/csiag.de\/?p=12080"},"modified":"2026-01-04T18:20:53","modified_gmt":"2026-01-04T18:20:53","slug":"pocd-demens-alzheimer","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/csiag.de\/sv\/blog\/2026\/01\/03\/pocd-demenz-alzheimer\/","title":{"rendered":"POCD - Demens och Alzheimers sjukdom"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_86 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">Inneh\u00e5llsf\u00f6rteckning<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/csiag.de\/sv\/blog\/2026\/01\/03\/pocd-demenz-alzheimer\/#POCD\" >POCD<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/csiag.de\/sv\/blog\/2026\/01\/03\/pocd-demenz-alzheimer\/#Testmethoden\" >Testmetoder<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/csiag.de\/sv\/blog\/2026\/01\/03\/pocd-demenz-alzheimer\/#Montreal_Cognitive_Assessment_MoCA\" >Kognitiv bed\u00f6mning i Montreal (MoCA)<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/csiag.de\/sv\/blog\/2026\/01\/03\/pocd-demenz-alzheimer\/#Six_Cognitive_Item_Test_6CIT\" >Test med sex kognitiva fr\u00e5gor (6CIT)<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/csiag.de\/sv\/blog\/2026\/01\/03\/pocd-demenz-alzheimer\/#Cognitive_Failure_Questionnaire_CFQ\" >Fr\u00e5geformul\u00e4r om kognitiv svikt (CFQ)<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/csiag.de\/sv\/blog\/2026\/01\/03\/pocd-demenz-alzheimer\/#Einfluss_von_Narkotika_auf_postoperative_POCD\" >Inverkan av narkotiska l\u00e4kemedel p\u00e5 postoperativ POCD<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/csiag.de\/sv\/blog\/2026\/01\/03\/pocd-demenz-alzheimer\/#Demenz_Alzheimer\" >Demens och Alzheimers sjukdom<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Vilka \u00e4r skillnaderna mellan POCD (<strong>P<\/strong>\u00f6sterut<strong>o<\/strong>perativ <strong>C<\/strong>Ogiltig <strong>D<\/strong>yfunktion), demens och Alzheimers sjukdom och hur ser det aktuella medicinska forskningsl\u00e4get ut? Detta kommer att analyseras och f\u00f6rklaras i detalj nedan. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">I ytterligare en artikel (som fortfarande \u00e4r under arbete) visas m\u00f6jligheterna att anv\u00e4nda eteriska oljor och deras effekt p\u00e5 de ovan n\u00e4mnda kliniska bilderna. Alla uttalanden st\u00f6ds av oberoende vetenskapliga studier.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"POCD\"><\/span>POCD<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">POCD uppst\u00e5r ofta efter en operation till f\u00f6ljd av anestesi. M\u00e4nniskor i alla \u00e5ldrar drabbas, men framf\u00f6r allt patienter \u00f6ver 60 \u00e5r. Tre m\u00e5nader senare lider fortfarande cirka 10 % av POCD.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Beroende p\u00e5 deras allm\u00e4nna h\u00e4lsotillst\u00e5nd, \u00e5lder, tidigare sjukdomar och operationens omfattning, utbildningsniv\u00e5, men ocks\u00e5 beroende p\u00e5 vilka narkotiska preparat som anv\u00e4nds, utg\u00f6r det vanligtvis en <a href=\"http:\/\/Cognitive dysfunction 1\u20132 years after non-cardiac surgery in the elderly\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">tillf\u00e4llig<\/a> F\u00f6rs\u00e4mring av kognitiva funktioner (t.ex. minne, koncentration, inl\u00e4rningsf\u00f6rm\u00e5ga).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Risken f\u00f6r att POCD ska intr\u00e4ffa kan uppskattas med hj\u00e4lp av olika tester f\u00f6re och efter operationen. Den avg\u00f6rande faktorn \u00e4r alltid tillg\u00e5ngen till j\u00e4mf\u00f6rande data som samlats in F\u00d6RE operationen (preoperativt).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Statistiskt sett <a href=\"http:\/\/Predictors of Cognitive Dysfunction after Major Noncardiac Surgery\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">ockuperad<\/a>, att <\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>36,6 % av 18-39-\u00e5ringar<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>30,4 % i \u00e5ldersgruppen 40-59 \u00e5r och<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>41,4 % hos patienter \u00f6ver 60 \u00e5r.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">led av POCD vid utskrivningen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ytterligare <a href=\"https:\/\/www.aerzteblatt.de\/archiv\/postoperative-kognitive-dysfunktion-2960a89b-577d-4f15-9307-8e9ae082b804\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Artikel<\/a> av den tyska medicinska tidskriften 2014.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Testmethoden\"><\/span>Testmetoder<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">En kort sammanfattning i f\u00f6rv\u00e4g:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>MoCA<\/strong> \u00e4r <strong>b\u00e4st validerade test<\/strong> f\u00f6r POCD-screening med h\u00f6g k\u00e4nslighet<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>6CIT<\/strong> kan anv\u00e4ndas som <strong>Ultrasnabb screening<\/strong> kan anv\u00e4ndas, men kr\u00e4ver utbildning<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>CFQ<\/strong> \u00e4r <strong>inte l\u00e4mplig<\/strong> <strong>som ett objektivt m\u00e5tt<\/strong> f\u00f6r POCD, snarare f\u00f6r subjektiva kognitiva besv\u00e4r och psykiskt lidande<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">J\u00e4mf\u00f6relse av alla tre testmetoderna<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><thead><tr><th><strong>Test<\/strong><\/th><th><strong>Varaktighet<\/strong><\/th><th><strong>Po\u00e4ng<\/strong><\/th><th><strong>Anm\u00e4rkning<\/strong><\/th><th><strong>Styrkor<\/strong><\/th><th><strong>Begr\u00e4nsningar<\/strong><\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td><strong>MoCA<\/strong><\/td><td>10 minuter<\/td><td>0-30<\/td><td>B\u00e4st validerad<\/td><td>H\u00f6g k\u00e4nslighet (90% f\u00f6r MCI), detekterar POCD under allm\u00e4n och regional anestesi<\/td><td>Kr\u00e4ver utbildning, l\u00e4ngre tid att genomf\u00f6ra<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>6CIT<\/strong><\/td><td>2 minuter<\/td><td>0-28*<\/td><td>Snabb screening<\/td><td>Mycket snabb, korrelerar v\u00e4l med MoCA (r=-0,86)<\/td><td>L\u00e5g tillf\u00f6rlitlighet i verkliga milj\u00f6er utan utbildning<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>CFQ<\/strong><\/td><td>5-10 minuter<\/td><td>0-100<\/td><td>Subjektiva klagom\u00e5l<\/td><td>F\u00e5ngar vardagsfunktion, sj\u00e4lvrapportering<\/td><td>Korrelerar INTE med objektiva tester, utan m\u00e4ter snarare psykologisk stress<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\"><\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">* F\u00f6rsiktighet - H\u00f6gre po\u00e4ng indikerar s\u00e4mre kognition!<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Montreal_Cognitive_Assessment_MoCA\"><\/span>Kognitiv bed\u00f6mning i Montreal (MoCA)<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"http:\/\/Nasreddine et al. (2005): &quot;The Montreal Cognitive Assessment, MoCA: a brief screening tool for mild cognitive impairment&quot; - Journal of the American Geriatrics Society\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Testbeskrivning och implementering<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">MoCA \u00e4r en <strong>10-minuters kognitivt screeningverktyg<\/strong> med maximal <strong>30 po\u00e4ng<\/strong>.<br>Testet utv\u00e4rderar:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Korttidsminne<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Visuospatiala f\u00e4rdigheter (visuospatiala f\u00e4rdigheter)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Verkst\u00e4llande funktioner<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Uppm\u00e4rksamhet och arbetsminne (uppm\u00e4rksamhet, arbetsminne)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Spr\u00e5k (spr\u00e5k)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Orientering<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Intern konsistens<\/strong>Cronbachs alfa p\u00e5 0,83 i den ursprungliga versionen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Med ett gr\u00e4nsv\u00e4rde p\u00e5 26 po\u00e4ng:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>MMSE<\/strong>K\u00e4nslighet 18% f\u00f6r detektion av MCI<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>MoCA<\/strong>K\u00e4nslighet 90% f\u00f6r detektering av MCI<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>F\u00f6r mild Alzheimers demens<\/strong>MMSE 78% K\u00e4nslighet j\u00e4mf\u00f6rt med MoCA 100%<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Specifika egenskaper<\/strong>MMSE 100%, MoCA 87%<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>L\u00e4nk:<\/strong> <a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/15817019\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/15817019\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Preoperativ vs. 24 timmar postoperativ med allm\u00e4n anestesi<\/strong>:\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>MMSE: 27,17\u00b11,93 \u2192 26,23\u00b12,77 (p=0,003)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>MoCA: 24,32\u00b13,19 \u2192 22,87\u00b13,88 (p=0,000)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Preoperativ vs. 24 timmar postoperativ f\u00f6r spinalanestesi<\/strong>:\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>MMSE: Ingen signifikant skillnad<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>MoCA: 24,35\u00b12,84 \u2192 23,13\u00b14,08 (p=0,019)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>POCD-incidens<\/strong>: MoCA 32,9% j\u00e4mf\u00f6rt med MMSE 15,2% (p=0,018)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Fara<\/strong>MoCA p\u00e5visade kognitiv f\u00f6rs\u00e4mring i b\u00e5da anestesigrupperna, MMSE endast i gruppen som genomgick allm\u00e4n anestesi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ytterligare studier:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/articles\/PMC8580134\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">J\u00e4mf\u00f6relse mellan MoCA och MMSE hos \u00e4ldre patienter efter mindre elektiv kirurgi<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/articles\/PMC8580134\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">J\u00e4mf\u00f6relse av postoperativ kognitiv f\u00f6rs\u00e4mring med hj\u00e4lp av Mini-Mental State Examination och Montreal Cognitive Assessment efter mindre elektiv kirurgi hos \u00e4ldre<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/articles\/PMC10811182\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">MCI som riskfaktor f\u00f6r POCD vid ryggkirurgi<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/articles\/PMC8925052\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Definition av POCD med hj\u00e4lp av MoCA<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/articles\/PMC8925052\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Postoperativ kognitiv dysfunktion hos \u00e4ldre kirurgiska patienter f\u00f6rknippad med \u00f6kat v\u00e5rdutnyttjande: en prospektiv studie fr\u00e5n ett land med h\u00f6gre medelinkomst<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/articles\/PMC9764502\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Telefon-MoCA (T-MoCA) i den preoperativa milj\u00f6n<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/Wang et al. (2022): &quot;Early Cognitive Dysfunction in Elderly Patients after Total Knee Arthroplasty: An Analysis of Risk Factors and Cognitive Functional Levels&quot; - Journal of Healthcare Engineering\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Riskfaktorer f\u00f6r POCD av olika sv\u00e5righetsgrad<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/articles\/PMC7028034\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">MoCA cut-off-v\u00e4rden i klinisk praxis<\/a><br><br><strong>f\u00f6r normal kognition<\/strong>:<br><strong>\u226526 po\u00e4ng<\/strong>95% K\u00e4nslighet<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>f\u00f6r uteslutning av mild demens<\/strong>:<br><strong>\u226521 po\u00e4ng<\/strong>98% negativt prediktivt v\u00e4rde (NPV)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>f\u00f6r uteslutning MCI<\/strong>:<br><strong>\u226526 po\u00e4ng<\/strong>94% NPV<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/articles\/PMC7028034\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Diagnostisk noggrannhet hos Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) f\u00f6r kognitiv screening inom \u00e4ldrepsykiatrin: Fastst\u00e4llande av cutoff-po\u00e4ng i klinisk praxis. Undvikande av spektrumbias orsakad av friska kontroller<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Six_Cognitive_Item_Test_6CIT\"><\/span>Test med sex kognitiva fr\u00e5gor (6CIT)<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/articles\/PMC10200246\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Testbeskrivning och implementering<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">De <strong>6CIT<\/strong> (se \u00e4ven. <strong>Kingshill Version 2000<\/strong>) med en genomsnittlig exekveringstid p\u00e5 endast 2,05 minuter med en maximal pi-po\u00e4ng p\u00e5 28, vilket beskriver den s\u00e4msta kognitionen, medan l\u00e4gre v\u00e4rden inneb\u00e4r b\u00e4ttre kognition. Testet utv\u00e4rderar:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Minne<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Uppm\u00e4rksamhet<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Spr\u00e5k<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Verkst\u00e4llande funktioner<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Motoriserad hastighet<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Medianpo\u00e4ng per diagnosgrupp<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>SCD (subjektiv kognitiv f\u00f6rs\u00e4mring)<\/strong> - 2 po\u00e4ng<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>MCI (mild kognitiv st\u00f6rning)<\/strong> - 5 po\u00e4ng<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>demens<\/strong> - 17 po\u00e4ng<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ytterligare studier:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/articles\/PMC10200246\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">J\u00e4mf\u00f6relse av Six Item Cognitive Impairment Test (6CIT) med vanligt f\u00f6rekommande korta kognitiva screeninginstrument i en minnesklinikpopulation<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/24256425\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">L\u00e4mpligheten av 6CIT som screeningtest f\u00f6r demens hos patienter inom prim\u00e4rv\u00e5rden<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/32342018\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Snabb kognitiv screening p\u00e5 plats i den preoperativa milj\u00f6n: Test\u00f6verv\u00e4ganden och rekommendationer fr\u00e5n Society for Perioperative Assessment and Quality Improvement (SPAQI)<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Cognitive_Failure_Questionnaire_CFQ\"><\/span>Fr\u00e5geformul\u00e4r om kognitiv svikt (CFQ)<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/7126941\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Testbeskrivning och ursprunglig utveckling<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">De <strong>CFQ<\/strong> \u00e4r en <strong>fr\u00e5geformul\u00e4r f\u00f6r sj\u00e4lvrapportering<\/strong> med 25 fr\u00e5gor f\u00f6r att utv\u00e4rdera fel i perception, minne och motorisk funktion.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Egenskaper<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Svarsskala<\/strong>0 (\u201eAldrig\u201c) till 4 (\u201eMycket ofta\u201c)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Totalt po\u00e4ngintervall<\/strong>0-100 (h\u00f6gre v\u00e4rden indikerar st\u00f6rre kognitiv neds\u00e4ttning)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Stabilitet<\/strong>Relativt stabil \u00f6ver l\u00e5nga perioder (m\u00e4tning av egenskaper i st\u00e4llet f\u00f6r tillst\u00e5nd)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Korrelation med externa kriterier<\/strong>Signifikant korrelation med betyg fr\u00e5n makar<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Korrelation med psykiatriska symtom<\/strong>Ja (MHQ - fr\u00e5geformul\u00e4r om psykisk h\u00e4lsa)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Fyra subdom\u00e4ner ing\u00e5r i resultatet:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Minne<\/strong> med 0-32 po\u00e4ng<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Distraherbarhet<\/strong> med 0-36 po\u00e4ng<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Blunders (fel)<\/strong> med 0-28 po\u00e4ng<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Namn<\/strong> med 0-8 po\u00e4ng<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">POCD-typisk omfattning:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Minne<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Uppm\u00e4rksamhet<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Spr\u00e5k<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Verkst\u00e4llande funktioner<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Motoriserad hastighet<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ytterligare studier:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/7126941\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Fr\u00e5geformul\u00e4ret Cognitive Failures Questionnaire (CFQ) och dess korrelat<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/articles\/PMC5140732\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Endoskopisk bih\u00e5lekirurgi f\u00f6rb\u00e4ttrar kognitiv dysfunktion hos patienter med kronisk rinosinusit<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/articles\/PMC6385821\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Postoperativ kognitiv dysfunktion efter koronar bypass-transplantation<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/articles\/PMC10685926\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Tolvm\u00e5nadersuppf\u00f6ljning av effekterna av kognitiv tr\u00e4ning efter hj\u00e4rtklaffkirurgi p\u00e5 kognitiva funktioner och h\u00e4lsorelaterad livskvalitet: en randomiserad klinisk studie<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/articles\/PMC10044453\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">\u00c5terbes\u00f6k av faktorstrukturen och konstruktionsvaliditeten i fr\u00e5geformul\u00e4ret om kognitiva misslyckanden<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/10579381\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Fr\u00e5geformul\u00e4ret om kognitiva misslyckanden inom psykiatrin<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Einfluss_von_Narkotika_auf_postoperative_POCD\"><\/span>Inverkan av narkotiska l\u00e4kemedel p\u00e5 postoperativ POCD<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Den intraven\u00f6st applicerade <em>Propofol<\/em> enligt detta <a href=\"http:\/\/Postoperative cognitive dysfunction. Possible neuronal mechanisms and practical consequences for clinical routine\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">studera<\/a> en l\u00e4gre f\u00f6rekomst av delirium och POCD j\u00e4mf\u00f6rt med inhalationsanestesi med sevofluran. Studien finns endast tillg\u00e4nglig som en betalversion i <a href=\"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00101-012-2024-2\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Fulltext<\/a> innan.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">F\u00f6rekomsten av POCD var h\u00f6gre med sevofluran (57,1%) j\u00e4mf\u00f6rt med propofol (32,3%), och f\u00f6rekomsten av delirium var ocks\u00e5 h\u00f6gre med sevofluran (34,2%) j\u00e4mf\u00f6rt med propofol (endast 8,8%).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Demenz_Alzheimer\"><\/span>Demens och Alzheimers sjukdom<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u00c4ven om demens \u00e4r ett syndrom och beskriver symptom, \u00e4r <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nia.nih.gov\/health\/alzheimers-and-dementia\/alzheimers-disease-fact-sheet\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Alzheimer<\/a> sjukdomen, \u00e4r en specifik orsak till dessa symtom.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Demens indelas i (<a href=\"http:\/\/Relative frequencies of Alzheimer disease, Lewy body, vascular and frontotemporal dementia, and hippocampal sclerosis in the State of Florida Brain Bank\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Frekvens<\/a>):<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Alzheimers sjukdom<\/strong> - (77%)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Lewykroppsdemens (LBD)<\/strong> - (26%)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Vaskul\u00e4r demens (VaD)<\/strong> - (18%)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Skleros i hippocampus (HS)<\/strong> - (13%) <\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Frontotemporal demens (FTD)<\/strong> - (5%)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Blandad demenssjukdom<\/strong><br>Samtidig Alzheimers sjukdom hos patienter med LBD - (66%)<br>Samtidig Alzheimers sjukdom hos VaD-patienter - (77%)<br>Samtidig Alzheimers sjukdom hos HS-patienter - (66%)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Enligt nuvarande kunskap (01.2026) anses alla former av demens vara obotliga. Endast utvecklingen kan bromsas. F\u00f6rutom de k\u00e4nda l\u00e4kemedlen <a href=\"https:\/\/pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/articles\/PMC12131090\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">ytterligare 138 unders\u00f6kt<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">N\u00e4r det g\u00e4ller f\u00f6rebyggande \u00e5tg\u00e4rder har h\u00f6gre utbildning, fysisk aktivitet, god copingf\u00f6rm\u00e5ga och ett starkt socialt n\u00e4tverk visat sig ha en positiv effekt p\u00e5 minskningen av riskfaktorerna f\u00f6r demens.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ytterligare studier:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">... kommer att forts\u00e4tta ...<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Was sind die Unterschiede zwischen POCD (Postoperative Cognitive Dysfunction), Demenz und Alzheimer und wie ist die aktuelle, medizinische Studienlage? Dies soll nachfolgend untersucht und detailliert dargelegt werden. In einem weiteren Beitrag (noch in Bearbeitung) werden M\u00f6glichkeiten der Anwendung \u00c4therischer \u00d6le und deren Wirkung auf o.g. Krankheitsbilder aufgezeigt. Alle Aussagen werden mittels unabh\u00e4ngiger wissenschaftlicher Studien belegt.&hellip;&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/csiag.de\/sv\/blog\/2026\/01\/03\/pocd-demenz-alzheimer\/\" rel=\"bookmark\">L\u00e4s mer \"<span class=\"screen-reader-text\">POCD - Demens och Alzheimers sjukdom<\/span><\/a><\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_lmt_disableupdate":"","_lmt_disable":"","neve_meta_sidebar":"","neve_meta_container":"","neve_meta_enable_content_width":"","neve_meta_content_width":0,"neve_meta_title_alignment":"","neve_meta_author_avatar":"","neve_post_elements_order":"","neve_meta_disable_header":"","neve_meta_disable_footer":"","neve_meta_disable_title":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-12080","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-uncategorized"],"acf":[],"modified_by":"Achim Goerner","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/csiag.de\/sv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12080","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/csiag.de\/sv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/csiag.de\/sv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/csiag.de\/sv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/csiag.de\/sv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=12080"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/csiag.de\/sv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12080\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/csiag.de\/sv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=12080"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/csiag.de\/sv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=12080"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/csiag.de\/sv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=12080"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}