{"id":4800,"date":"2023-07-21T12:17:35","date_gmt":"2023-07-21T12:17:35","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/csiag.de\/?p=4800"},"modified":"2025-08-03T07:17:15","modified_gmt":"2025-08-03T07:17:15","slug":"rozdiely-v-kvalite-vody","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/csiag.de\/sk\/blog\/2023\/07\/21\/unterschiede-der-wasserqualitaeten\/","title":{"rendered":"Rozdiely v kvalite vody"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_82_2 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">Obsah<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/csiag.de\/sk\/blog\/2023\/07\/21\/unterschiede-der-wasserqualitaeten\/#Regenwasser\" >Da\u017e\u010fov\u00e1 voda<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/csiag.de\/sk\/blog\/2023\/07\/21\/unterschiede-der-wasserqualitaeten\/#Grundwasser\" >Podzemn\u00e9 vody<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/csiag.de\/sk\/blog\/2023\/07\/21\/unterschiede-der-wasserqualitaeten\/#Trinkwasser\" >Pitn\u00e1 voda<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/csiag.de\/sk\/blog\/2023\/07\/21\/unterschiede-der-wasserqualitaeten\/#Mineralwasser\" >Miner\u00e1lna voda<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/csiag.de\/sk\/blog\/2023\/07\/21\/unterschiede-der-wasserqualitaeten\/#Meerwasser\" >Morsk\u00e1 voda<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/csiag.de\/sk\/blog\/2023\/07\/21\/unterschiede-der-wasserqualitaeten\/#Destilliertes_Wasser\" >Destilovan\u00e1 voda<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/csiag.de\/sk\/blog\/2023\/07\/21\/unterschiede-der-wasserqualitaeten\/#Osmose-Wasser\" >Osmotick\u00e1 voda<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/csiag.de\/sk\/blog\/2023\/07\/21\/unterschiede-der-wasserqualitaeten\/#Reinstwasser\" >Ultra\u010dist\u00e1 voda<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-9\" href=\"https:\/\/csiag.de\/sk\/blog\/2023\/07\/21\/unterschiede-der-wasserqualitaeten\/#Hochreines_Wasser\" >Voda vysokej \u010distoty<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-10\" href=\"https:\/\/csiag.de\/sk\/blog\/2023\/07\/21\/unterschiede-der-wasserqualitaeten\/#Leitfahigkeits-Messung_TDS\" >Meranie vodivosti (TDS)<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<span class=\"span-reading-time rt-reading-time\" style=\"display: block;\"><span class=\"rt-label rt-prefix\">\u010cas \u010d\u00edtania<\/span> <span class=\"rt-time\"> 4<\/span> <span class=\"rt-label rt-postfix\">z\u00e1pisnice<\/span><\/span>\n<p>Aktualizovan\u00e9 14.07.2024<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Rozdiely v kvalite vody nie s\u00fa na prv\u00fd poh\u013ead ve\u013emi zrejm\u00e9. Naj\u010dastej\u0161ie uzn\u00e1vanou klasifik\u00e1ciou je pitn\u00e1 voda, odpadov\u00e1 voda, da\u017e\u010fov\u00e1 voda, podzemn\u00e1 voda, morsk\u00e1 voda, miner\u00e1lna voda a destilovan\u00e1 voda. Okrem nich existuj\u00fa aj \u010fal\u0161ie rozdiely, napr\u00edklad miner\u00e1lna voda, osmotick\u00e1 voda, \u010dist\u00e1 voda a ultra\u010dist\u00e1 voda.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Za\u010dnime zmienkou o \"\u017eivej vode\", ktor\u00e1 v s\u00fa\u010dasnosti za\u017e\u00edva reklamn\u00fd boom. Niektor\u00ed v\u00fdrobcovia propaguj\u00fa svoje syst\u00e9my s tvrdeniami ako \"energizovan\u00e1\", \"bioenergetick\u00e1\" alebo \"energetick\u00fd modul\", ktor\u00e9 vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00fa \"naprogramovan\u00e9 inform\u00e1cie o pr\u00edrodnej, vysokoenergetickej pramenitej vode\" na obnovenie p\u00f4vodnej svie\u017eosti a vitality vody. Neposkytuj\u00fa v\u0161ak o tom \u017eiadne d\u00f4kazy, ktor\u00e9 by obst\u00e1li pri \u010disto vedeckom sk\u00faman\u00ed, a odvol\u00e1vaj\u00fa sa na \"firemn\u00e9 tajomstvo\" (ktor\u00e9 by ur\u010dite mohlo by\u0165 chr\u00e1nen\u00e9 patentov\u00fdm pr\u00e1vom, ak by sp\u013a\u0148alo patentov\u00e9 po\u017eiadavky...).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Mimochodom, \"\u017eiv\u00e1 voda\" je biblick\u00fd cit\u00e1t, napr\u00edklad v J\u00e1novi 4,14 \"<strong>Ale kto sa napije vody, ktor\u00fa mu d\u00e1m, nebude \u017e\u00edzni\u0165 naveky, ale voda, ktor\u00fa mu d\u00e1m, stane sa v \u0148om stud\u0148ou vody vyvieraj\u00facej do ve\u010dn\u00e9ho \u017eivota.<\/strong>\" alebo v J\u00e1novi 7, 38 \"<strong>Kto ver\u00ed vo m\u0148a, ako hovor\u00ed P\u00edsmo, z jeho tela pote\u010d\u00fa rieky \u017eivej vody.<\/strong>n.\"<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Teraz k rozdielom medzi r\u00f4znymi druhmi vody, ktor\u00e9 m\u00e1me k dispoz\u00edcii...<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Regenwasser\"><\/span>Da\u017e\u010fov\u00e1 voda<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Da\u017e\u010fov\u00e1 voda je zne\u010disten\u00e1 u\u017e vtedy, ke\u010f pr\u0161\u00ed z oblakov, preto\u017ee okrem prachov\u00fdch \u010dast\u00edc obsahuje aj tepelne (rozklad\u00e1 sa len pri teplot\u00e1ch nad 400 \u00b0C) a chemicky ve\u013emi stabiln\u00e9 per- a polyflu\u00f3rovan\u00e9 alkylov\u00e9 zl\u00fa\u010deniny (PFAS), z ktor\u00fdch mnoh\u00e9 sa nedaj\u00fa rozlo\u017ei\u0165, ale hromadia sa v \u013eudsk\u00fdch a \u017eivo\u010d\u00ed\u0161nych tkaniv\u00e1ch. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>V oblastiach s pitnou vodou kontaminovanou PFAS sa zaznamenal \u0161tatisticky v\u00fdznamn\u00fd n\u00e1rast ochoren\u00ed, ako je diabetes mellitus, cerebrovaskul\u00e1rne ochorenia, Alzheimerova choroba, infarkty a vy\u0161\u0161ia \u00famrtnos\u0165.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Ke\u010f\u017ee tieto zl\u00fa\u010deniny sa v \u010distiar\u0148ach odpadov\u00fdch v\u00f4d daj\u00fa rozlo\u017ei\u0165 len ne\u00faplne, na PFAS s dlh\u00fdm re\u0165azcom sa pou\u017e\u00edva akt\u00edvne uhlie.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Po\u017eadovan\u00e1 \u00farove\u0148 kontamin\u00e1cie PFAS je 100 ng\/l, zatia\u013e \u010do 300 ng\/l sa pova\u017euje za \"pr\u00edpustn\u00e9 pre \u017eivot\". Pitn\u00e1 voda sa u\u017e nepova\u017euje za pou\u017eite\u013en\u00fa nad 5 \u03bcg\/l.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Da\u017e\u010fov\u00e1 voda m\u00e1 vodivos\u0165 pribli\u017ene 30 \u03bcS\/cm.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Grundwasser\"><\/span>Podzemn\u00e9 vody<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Podzemn\u00e9 vody s\u00fa kontaminovan\u00e9 vo vode rozpustn\u00fdmi a kvapaln\u00fdmi zlo\u017ekami nekontrolovane skladovan\u00e9ho odpadu, odpadov\u00fdmi vodami z netesnost\u00ed kanaliza\u010dn\u00e9ho potrubia, cestn\u00fdmi odpadov\u00fdmi vodami (napr. oterom pneumat\u00edk, so\u013eami z odmrazovania), hnojivami a pestic\u00eddmi, priemyseln\u00fdmi a obchodn\u00fdmi odpadov\u00fdmi vodami, miner\u00e1lnymi olejmi at\u010f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Ve\u013ek\u00e9 zdravotn\u00e9 riziko predstavuje najm\u00e4 zne\u010distenie dusi\u010dnanmi: Dokonca aj dlhodob\u00e9 pou\u017e\u00edvanie vody s obsahom viac ako 16,75 mg\/l sp\u00f4sobuje <a href=\"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/ijc.31306\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Riziko<\/a> rakoviny hrub\u00e9ho \u010dreva v\u00fdrazne zvy\u0161uje.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Trinkwasser\"><\/span>Pitn\u00e1 voda<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Kvalita pitnej vody je charakterizovan\u00e1 pr\u00edtomnos\u0165ou ne\u010dist\u00f4t v <em>Nariadenie o pitnej vode (TrinkwV)<\/em> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.dvgw.de\/medien\/dvgw\/wasser\/verordnung\/trinkwasserverordnung-2023.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Feder\u00e1lny z\u00e1konn\u00edk 159\/2023<\/a> definovan\u00e9 24. j\u00fana 2023.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Zlo\u017eky a limitn\u00e9 hodnoty n\u00e1jdete vo vy\u0161\u0161ie uvedenom nariaden\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Vodivos\u0165 (parameter s\u00fa\u010dtu v\u0161etk\u00fdch obsiahnut\u00fdch l\u00e1tok) pitnej vody je v Nemecku stanoven\u00e1 na limitn\u00fa hodnotu 2,79 mS\/cm (mili-siemensov na centimeter).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Mineralwasser\"><\/span>Miner\u00e1lna voda<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Str\u00e1nka <em>Nariadenie o pr\u00edrodnej miner\u00e1lnej vode, pramenitej vode a stolovej vode<\/em> (<a href=\"https:\/\/gesetze-im-internet.de\/min_tafelwv\/BJNR010360984.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Nariadenie o miner\u00e1lnych a stolov\u00fdch vod\u00e1ch<\/a>) upravuje terminol\u00f3giu vr\u00e1tane obsahu (limitnej hodnoty) prirodzene sa vyskytuj\u00facich zlo\u017eiek v pr\u00edrodnej miner\u00e1lnej vode.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Nariadenie platn\u00e9 od 1. janu\u00e1ra 2006 bolo 1. janu\u00e1ra 2008 zmenen\u00e9 a doplnen\u00e9 o limitn\u00e9 hodnoty pre fluorid. Hodnota pre nikel bola zn\u00ed\u017een\u00e1 z 0,05 na 0,02 mg\/l.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Nasleduj\u00faca tabu\u013eka obsahuje porovnanie z\u00e1konom stanoven\u00fdch limitn\u00fdch hodn\u00f4t zlo\u017eiek v pitnej vode a miner\u00e1lnej vode. Hodnoty v z\u00e1tvork\u00e1ch v tabu\u013eke predstavuj\u00fa limitn\u00e9 hodnoty platn\u00e9 od roku 2028 alebo 2030.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<table id=\"tablepress-14\" class=\"tablepress tablepress-id-14\" aria-describedby=\"tablepress-14-description\">\n<thead>\n<tr class=\"row-1\">\n\t<th class=\"column-1\">Komponenty<\/th><th class=\"column-2\">Medzn\u00e1 hodnota TrinkwV<\/th><th class=\"column-3\">Limit min\/tableWV<\/th><th class=\"column-4\">Hrani\u010dn\u00e1 f. Doj\u010dat\u00e1<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody class=\"row-striping row-hover\">\n<tr class=\"row-2\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">Antim\u00f3n<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">0,005 mg\/l<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">0,005 mg\/l<\/td><td class=\"column-4\"><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-3\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">Arz\u00e9n<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">0,010 (0,004) mg\/l<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">0,010 mg\/l<\/td><td class=\"column-4\">&lt;0,05 mg\/l.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-4\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">B\u00e1rium<\/td><td class=\"column-2\"><\/td><td class=\"column-3\">1,0 mg\/l<\/td><td class=\"column-4\"><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-5\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">Vedenie<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">0,01 (0,005) mg\/ltr.<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">0,010 mg\/l<\/td><td class=\"column-4\"><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-6\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">Borat<\/td><td class=\"column-2\"><\/td><td class=\"column-3\">30,0 mg\/l<\/td><td class=\"column-4\"><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-7\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">Chrome<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">0,025 (0,005) mg\/l<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">0,050 mg\/l<\/td><td class=\"column-4\"><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-8\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">Fluorid<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">1,5 mg\/l<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">5,0 mg\/l<\/td><td class=\"column-4\">&lt;0,7 mg\/l.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-9\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">Kadmium<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">0,003 mg\/l<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">0,003 mg\/l<\/td><td class=\"column-4\"><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-10\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">Me\u010f<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">2,0 mg\/l<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">1,0 mg\/l<\/td><td class=\"column-4\"><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-11\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">Mang\u00e1n<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">0,05 mg\/l<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">0,5 mg\/l<\/td><td class=\"column-4\">&lt;0,05 mg\/l.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-12\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">Sod\u00edk<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">200,0 mg\/l<\/td><td class=\"column-3\"><\/td><td class=\"column-4\">&lt; 20,0 mg\/l (n\u00edzky obsah sod\u00edka)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-13\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">Nikel<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">0,020 mg\/l<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">0,020 mg\/l<\/td><td class=\"column-4\"><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-14\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">Dusi\u010dnany<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">50 mg\/l<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">50 mg\/l<\/td><td class=\"column-4\">&lt;10,0 mg\/l.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-15\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">Dusitany<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">0,5 mg\/l<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">0,1 mg\/l<\/td><td class=\"column-4\">&lt;0,02 mg\/l.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-16\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">Ortu\u0165<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">0,0010 mg\/l<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">0,0010 mg\/l<\/td><td class=\"column-4\"><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-17\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">Sel\u00e9n<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">0,010 mg\/l<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">0,010 mg\/l<\/td><td class=\"column-4\"><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-18\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">Sulf\u00e1t<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">250 mg\/l<\/td><td class=\"column-3\"><\/td><td class=\"column-4\">&lt;240,0 mg\/l.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-19\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">Ur\u00e1n<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">0,01 mg\/l<\/td><td class=\"column-3\"><\/td><td class=\"column-4\">&lt;0,02 mg\/l.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-20\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">Kyanid<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">0,050 mg\/l<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">0,070 mg\/l<\/td><td class=\"column-4\"><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<span id=\"tablepress-14-description\" class=\"tablepress-table-description tablepress-table-description-id-14\"><\/span>\n<!-- #tablepress-14 from cache -->\n\n\n<p>Niektor\u00ed v\u00fdrobcovia takzvan\u00fdch syst\u00e9mov \"\u017eivej pramenitej vody\" (alebo podobn\u00fdch syst\u00e9mov) sa odvol\u00e1vaj\u00fa na mimoriadne zl\u00e9 vlastnosti miner\u00e1lnej vody, ktor\u00e1 \u010dasto nesp\u013a\u0148a ani po\u017eiadavky vyhl\u00e1\u0161ky o pitnej vode. Anal\u00fdzy nie s\u00fa aktu\u00e1lne a inform\u00e1cie na etiket\u00e1ch preto nemusia odr\u00e1\u017ea\u0165 skuto\u010dn\u00e9 \u00fadaje o obsahu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Do akej miery s\u00fa tak\u00e9to vyhl\u00e1senia obh\u00e1jite\u013en\u00e9 z h\u013eadiska pr\u00e1va hospod\u00e1rskej s\u00fa\u0165a\u017ee a najm\u00e4 \u010di s\u00fa presn\u00e9, mo\u017eno r\u00fdchlo objasni\u0165 kr\u00e1tkou kore\u0161pondenciou s pr\u00edslu\u0161n\u00fdm v\u00fdrobcom. V ka\u017edom pr\u00edpade by ste sa nemali necha\u0165 oklama\u0165 a mali by ste si sami overi\u0165, \u010di sa nejedn\u00e1 o ovplyv\u0148ovanie kupuj\u00facich ne\u017eelan\u00fdm smerom.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Meerwasser\"><\/span>Morsk\u00e1 voda<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Morsk\u00e1 voda sa vyzna\u010duje pomerne vysok\u00fdm obsahom soli, v priemere 3,5 %. Baltsk\u00e9 more s obsahom 0,2 - 2 % m\u00e1 prakticky n\u00edzky obsah soli v porovnan\u00ed s M\u0155tvym morom s obsahom 28 %. Jeho priemern\u00e1 vodivos\u0165 je 56 mS\/cm.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Zariadenia na odso\u013eovanie morskej vody zni\u017euj\u00fa obsah soli na pitn\u00e9 minimum pridan\u00edm hydrog\u00e9nuhli\u010ditanu v\u00e1penat\u00e9ho. Ke\u010f\u017ee odso\u013eovanie je energeticky ve\u013emi n\u00e1ro\u010dn\u00fd proces, \u010dasto sa vyu\u017e\u00edva odpadov\u00e9 teplo z jadrov\u00fdch elektr\u00e1rn\u00ed (aj na lodiach, lietadlov\u00fdch lodiach alebo jadrov\u00fdch ponork\u00e1ch), ale aj z elektr\u00e1rn\u00ed na uhlie, plyn alebo ropu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Destilliertes_Wasser\"><\/span>Destilovan\u00e1 voda<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Destilovan\u00e1 voda sa vyr\u00e1ba odparovan\u00edm a n\u00e1slednou kondenz\u00e1ciou, pri\u010dom sa spotrebuje ve\u013emi ve\u013ek\u00e9 mno\u017estvo energie. T\u00fdm sa z ve\u013ekej \u010dasti odstr\u00e1nia soli, organick\u00e9 l\u00e1tky a mikroorganizmy. Vodivos\u0165 je len 0,5 - 5,5 \u00b5S\/cm (mikrosiemensov na centimeter).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Viacn\u00e1sobne destilovan\u00e1 voda sa pon\u00faka v dvojit\u00fdch alebo trojit\u00fdch destil\u00e1toch a skladuje sa v kremenn\u00fdch alebo platinov\u00fdch n\u00e1dob\u00e1ch, preto\u017ee stopy oxidu kremi\u010dit\u00e9ho by sa po\u010das varu rozp\u00fa\u0161\u0165ali zo sklenen\u00fdch n\u00e1dob, a t\u00fdm by kontaminovali destil\u00e1t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Osmose-Wasser\"><\/span>Osmotick\u00e1 voda<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Voda zo syst\u00e9mu reverznej osm\u00f3zy sa nieko\u013ekokr\u00e1t filtruje a\u017e na 0,02 \u00b5m a dosahuje vodivos\u0165 1 - 50 \u00b5S\/cm. <br>V\u0161eobecne sa predpoklad\u00e1, \u017ee syst\u00e9m reverznej osm\u00f3zy dosahuje pribli\u017ene 10 % hodnoty vodivosti dostupnej na vstupnej strane.<br>Hoci reverzn\u00e1 osm\u00f3za nedosahuje rovnak\u00fa \u00farove\u0148 \u010distoty ako destilovan\u00e1 voda, je hygienickej\u0161ia na v\u00fdrobu pitnej vody.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Reinstwasser\"><\/span>Ultra\u010dist\u00e1 voda<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Ultra\u010dist\u00e1 voda sa vyr\u00e1ba pomocou silne alkalick\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu so zmie\u0161an\u00fdm l\u00f4\u017ekom a pou\u017e\u00edva sa v priemysle, napr. v polovodi\u010dovom priemysle. Vodivos\u0165 je 0,1 - 1 \u00b5S\/cm.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Hochreines_Wasser\"><\/span>Voda vysokej \u010distoty<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Voda s vysokou \u010distotou sa vy\u017eaduje napr\u00edklad v medic\u00edne, farmaceutickom priemysle a molekul\u00e1rnej biol\u00f3gii a vyr\u00e1ba sa v syst\u00e9moch i\u00f3nov\u00fdch v\u00fdmenn\u00edkov so zmie\u0161an\u00fdm l\u00f4\u017ekom. Vodivos\u0165 je len 0,052 - 0,1 \u00b5S\/cm.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Leitfahigkeits-Messung_TDS\"><\/span>Meranie vodivosti (TDS)<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Na stanovenie vodivosti r\u00f4znych typov vody je potrebn\u00fd vodomer.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Okrem \u010distej funkcie merania vodivosti pon\u00fakaj\u00fa tieto zariadenia aj stanovenie hodnoty TDS (<em>Celkov\u00fd obsah rozpusten\u00fdch pevn\u00fdch l\u00e1tok<\/em>) v ppm (<em>\u010dastice na mili\u00f3n<\/em>). T\u00e1to hodnota poskytuje inform\u00e1cie o rozpusten\u00fdch pevn\u00fdch l\u00e1tkach vo forme i\u00f3nov, napr. kovov, sol\u00ed, miner\u00e1lov.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\"Meracie pr\u00edstroje\", ktor\u00e9 sa \u010dasto vyskytuj\u00fa na \"sc\u00e9ne\" v rozmedz\u00ed pribli\u017ene 20 - 50 eur, by sa mali v najlep\u0161om pr\u00edpade pova\u017eova\u0165 za \"h\u00e1dacie n\u00e1stroje\". Poskytuj\u00fa len hrub\u00fd odhad a nazna\u010duj\u00fa trend.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Ka\u017ed\u00fd, kto v\u00e1\u017ene stoj\u00ed o reprodukovate\u013en\u00fa a d\u00f4veryhodn\u00fa nameran\u00fa hodnotu, sa nem\u00f4\u017ee vyhn\u00fa\u0165 k\u00fape zariadenia, ktor\u00e9 je k dispoz\u00edcii aj v \"kalibrovanej\" verzii, ako aj v nekalibrovanej verzii.<br>V kalibra\u010dnom certifik\u00e1te sa nakoniec uv\u00e1dza \"len\" to, \u017ee zariadenie poskytuje hodnotu, ktor\u00e1 je presne toto\u017en\u00e1 s referen\u010dn\u00fdm zariaden\u00edm v centr\u00e1lnom rozsahu pri \u0161tandardizovanej teplote.<br>Nekalibrovan\u00e9 zariadenie t\u00fato referenciu nem\u00e1. M\u00f4\u017ee preto zobrazova\u0165 hodnotu mierne vy\u0161\u0161iu alebo ni\u017e\u0161iu ako t\u00e1to referen\u010dn\u00e1 hodnota.<br>Teplotn\u00e1 kompenz\u00e1cia je d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00e1, preto\u017ee meranie sa mus\u00ed v\u017edy elektronicky upravi\u0165 vzh\u013eadom na 25 \u00b0C, aby zodpovedalo skuto\u010dnej hodnote a bolo v s\u00falade so \u0161tandardiz\u00e1ciou.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>To znamen\u00e1, \u017ee musia by\u0165 splnen\u00e9 dve minim\u00e1lne krit\u00e9ri\u00e1: funkcia merania vodivosti a teploty. Ak chcete e\u0161te pozna\u0165 hodnotu TDS, potrebujete dodato\u010dn\u00fa funkciu merania TDS.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>V najpriaznivej\u0161om pr\u00edpade sme v s\u00fa\u010dasnosti na \u00farovni pribli\u017ene. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.pce-instruments.com\/deutsch\/messtechnik\/messgeraete-fuer-alle-parameter\/leitfaehigkeitsmessgeraet-pce-instruments-leitfaehigkeitstester-pce-ph-25-det_5884810.htm?_list=kat&amp;_listpos=7\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">390,- Euro<\/a>alebo pribli\u017ene <a href=\"https:\/\/www.pce-instruments.com\/deutsch\/messtechnik\/messgeraete-fuer-alle-parameter\/leitfaehigkeitsmessgeraet-lutron-electronic-enterprise-co.-ltd.-leitfaehigkeitsmessgeraet-pce-phd-1-det_17447.htm?_list=kat&amp;_listpos=9\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">530,- EUR<\/a> vr\u00e1tane funkcie TDS.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Vykonanie platn\u00e9ho merania si vy\u017eaduje presn\u00fd postup v s\u00falade s pr\u00edslu\u0161n\u00fdm n\u00e1vodom na obsluhu, najm\u00e4 pokia\u013e ide o \u010distenie sn\u00edma\u010da destilovanou vodou (DAB), ktor\u00e1 m\u00e1 elektrick\u00fa vodivos\u0165 &lt; 1,1 \u00b5S\/cm.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p><span class=\"span-reading-time rt-reading-time\" style=\"display: block;\"><span class=\"rt-label rt-prefix\">\u010cas \u010d\u00edtania<\/span> <span class=\"rt-time\"> 4<\/span> <span class=\"rt-label rt-postfix\">z\u00e1pisnice<\/span><\/span>Aktualizovan\u00e9 14.07.2024 Rozdiely v kvalite vody nie s\u00fa na prv\u00fd poh\u013ead ve\u013emi zrejm\u00e9. Naj\u010dastej\u0161ie uzn\u00e1vanou klasifik\u00e1ciou je pitn\u00e1 voda, odpadov\u00e1 voda, da\u017e\u010fov\u00e1 voda, podzemn\u00e1 voda, morsk\u00e1 voda, miner\u00e1lna voda a destilovan\u00e1 voda. Okrem nich existuj\u00fa aj \u010fal\u0161ie rozdiely, napr\u00edklad miner\u00e1lna voda, osmotick\u00e1 voda, \u010dist\u00e1 voda a ultra\u010dist\u00e1 voda. Na za\u010diatku treba spomen\u00fa\u0165 pojem \"\u017eiv\u00e1 voda\", ktor\u00fd v s\u00fa\u010dasnosti za\u017e\u00edva reklamn\u00fd boom. Niektor\u00ed v\u00fdrobcovia propaguj\u00fa svoje syst\u00e9my...&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/csiag.de\/sk\/blog\/2023\/07\/21\/unterschiede-der-wasserqualitaeten\/\" rel=\"bookmark\">\u010c\u00edta\u0165 viac \"<span class=\"screen-reader-text\">Rozdiely v kvalite vody<\/span><\/a><\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_lmt_disableupdate":"","_lmt_disable":"","neve_meta_sidebar":"","neve_meta_container":"","neve_meta_enable_content_width":"","neve_meta_content_width":0,"neve_meta_title_alignment":"","neve_meta_author_avatar":"","neve_post_elements_order":"","neve_meta_disable_header":"","neve_meta_disable_footer":"","neve_meta_disable_title":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[339,338],"tags":[2037,2038,2036,2032,2035,2021,1581,2018,2016,2030,1214,2023,2027,1413,2022,2024,2017,2019,1384,2029,2028,2026,2031,1668,2020,2034,2025,2013,2015,2014,587,584,2033,2011,2012],"class_list":["post-4800","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-umkehr-osmose","category-wasser-management","tag-aktivkohle","tag-alkylverbindung","tag-alzheimer","tag-belastung","tag-darmkrebs","tag-desilliertes-wasser","tag-diabetes","tag-entsalzung","tag-grundwasser","tag-halbleiterindustrie","tag-herzinfarkt","tag-hochreines-wasser","tag-ionentauscher","tag-leitfaehigkeit","tag-leitfaehigkeitsmessung","tag-medizin","tag-meerwasser","tag-meerwasserentsalzung","tag-messgeraet","tag-mischbett-system","tag-mischbettanlage","tag-molekularbiologie","tag-nitrat","tag-osmose-anlage","tag-osmose-wasser","tag-pfas","tag-pharmaindustrie","tag-regenwasser","tag-reinstwasser","tag-reinwasser","tag-trinkwasser","tag-umkehr-osmose","tag-verunreinigung","tag-wasser","tag-wasserqualitaet"],"modified_by":"Achim Goerner","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/csiag.de\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4800","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/csiag.de\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/csiag.de\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/csiag.de\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/csiag.de\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4800"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/csiag.de\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4800\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/csiag.de\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4800"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/csiag.de\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=4800"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/csiag.de\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=4800"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}