{"id":604,"date":"2021-08-22T01:23:19","date_gmt":"2021-08-22T01:23:19","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/csiag.de\/?p=604"},"modified":"2023-01-21T16:44:31","modified_gmt":"2023-01-21T16:44:31","slug":"internet-basics-for-dummies","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/csiag.de\/en\/blog\/2021\/08\/22\/internet-grundlagen-fuer-dummies\/","title":{"rendered":"Internet Basics for Dummies"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_82_2 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">Table of contents<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/csiag.de\/en\/blog\/2021\/08\/22\/internet-grundlagen-fuer-dummies\/#DNS\" >DNS<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/csiag.de\/en\/blog\/2021\/08\/22\/internet-grundlagen-fuer-dummies\/#Der_Weg_zum_Ziel\" >The way to the goal<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<span class=\"span-reading-time rt-reading-time\" style=\"display: block;\"><span class=\"rt-label rt-prefix\">Reading time<\/span> <span class=\"rt-time\"> 2<\/span> <span class=\"rt-label rt-postfix\">minutes<\/span><\/span>\n<p>The basics for understanding the Internet - let&#039;s play it stupid... - Anyone who has seen the Feuerzangenbowle with Heinz R\u00fchmann knows this saying about the functionality of the steam engine that is discussed there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>If you don&#039;t know it, you&#039;ve at least heard it from Google, which is probably one of the most frequently used search engines on the Internet today.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>But how does it work that if you <em>google.de<\/em> also ends up on this search engine?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The comparison with the good old telephone book is of course flawed, but it offers a good basis:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In the past, if you were looking for a phone number for a friend, you would at least need their name and the city in which they lived. Then you needed the phone book for that city and looked up the name. This had an area code that had to be placed in front of the telephone number. If the acquaintance was also called M\u00fcller, then the first name was helpful. If this was also a frequent occurrence, then only knowledge of the street helped to locate exactly that \u201cM\u00fcller\u201d and find his phone number. And if he lived in a shared apartment, then the extension was also relevant, provided of course that the person he was looking for lived in Germany.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>On the Internet, the country code, area code and telephone number, as well as the extension number, are shown as a so-called IP (Internet Protocol) address. All four number components, separated from each other by a point, can each have values from 001 to 255. For example, Google.de has the address 008.008.008.008.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>This address corresponds to the IPv4 standard and offers an address space of 4 billion addresses. The IPv6 standard, which is currently still operated in parallel, allows an address space of almost one sextillion (3.4 x 10<sup>38<\/sup>).<br><br><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"DNS\"><\/span>DNS<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Now, a total of twelve-digit number sequences are not particularly memorable compared to name names. That&#039;s why there is a type of telephone directory information on the Internet, the DNS (Domain Name Server). These set the input of the name <em>Google.de<\/em> into the above-mentioned number sequence 008.008.008.008 or 8.8.8.8.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Let&#039;s see which route a search query takes when someone in Cuxhaven <em>Google.de<\/em> in the address bar of the browser on a computer. There is a command for this <em>traceroute<\/em> (follow the route) on Mac OS, <em>tracert<\/em> on Windows.<br><br><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Der_Weg_zum_Ziel\"><\/span>The way to the goal<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><em>traceroute 8.8.8.8<\/em> or <em>traceroute google.de<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Computer 192.168.1.16 via WLAN -&gt; Router (internal DNS; e.g. AVM FritzBox) \u2013 192.168.1.1 \u2013 1,068 ms<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Router -&gt; D \u2013 Kassel \u2013 88,134,189,230 \u2013 12,891 ms<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>-&gt; D \u2013 Kassel \u2013 88,134,192,186 \u2013 13,906 ms<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>-&gt; D \u2013 Darmstadt \u2013 145.254.3.62 \u2013 17,076 ms<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>-&gt; D \u2013 Darmstadt \u2013 145.254.2.215 \u2013 17.146 ms<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>-&gt; USA \u2013 CA \u2013 Mountain View \u2013 72,14,194,138 \u2013 15,443 ms<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>-&gt; USA \u2013 KS \u2013 KansasCity \u2013 8.8.8.8 \u2013 18,787 ms<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>The total time required for this route across half the globe, with a total of six data centers involved, is 86.37 ms - a fairly quick response.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p><span class=\"span-reading-time rt-reading-time\" style=\"display: block;\"><span class=\"rt-label rt-prefix\">Reading time<\/span> <span class=\"rt-time\"> 2<\/span> <span class=\"rt-label rt-postfix\">minutes<\/span><\/span>The basics for understanding the Internet - let's play dumb ... - Anyone who has seen Feuerzangenbowle with Heinz R\u00fchmann will be familiar with this saying regarding the way the steam engine works. Anyone who doesn't know it has at least heard of Google, which is probably one of the most frequently used search engines on the Internet today....&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/csiag.de\/en\/blog\/2021\/08\/22\/internet-grundlagen-fuer-dummies\/\" rel=\"bookmark\">Read More \"<span class=\"screen-reader-text\">Internet Basics for Dummies<\/span><\/a><\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_lmt_disableupdate":"","_lmt_disable":"","neve_meta_sidebar":"","neve_meta_container":"","neve_meta_enable_content_width":"","neve_meta_content_width":0,"neve_meta_title_alignment":"","neve_meta_author_avatar":"","neve_post_elements_order":"","neve_meta_disable_header":"","neve_meta_disable_footer":"","neve_meta_disable_title":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[360,364],"tags":[1051,1049,1048,576,1050,1052],"class_list":["post-604","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-haus-und-garten","category-internet-grundlagen-fuer-dummies","tag-dns","tag-grundlagen","tag-internet","tag-ip","tag-ipv6","tag-traceroute"],"modified_by":"Achim Goerner","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/csiag.de\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/604","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/csiag.de\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/csiag.de\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/csiag.de\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/csiag.de\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=604"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/csiag.de\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/604\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/csiag.de\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=604"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/csiag.de\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=604"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/csiag.de\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=604"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}