{"id":12784,"date":"2026-02-18T13:51:00","date_gmt":"2026-02-18T13:51:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/csiag.de\/?p=12784"},"modified":"2026-04-05T15:41:39","modified_gmt":"2026-04-05T15:41:39","slug":"photobiomodulation-pbm","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/csiag.de\/en\/blog\/2026\/02\/18\/photobiomodulation-pbm\/","title":{"rendered":"Photobiomodulation (PBM)"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_86 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">Table of contents<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/csiag.de\/en\/blog\/2026\/02\/18\/photobiomodulation-pbm\/#Einleitung\" >Introduction<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/csiag.de\/en\/blog\/2026\/02\/18\/photobiomodulation-pbm\/#Indikationen_auf_einen_Blick\" >Indications at a glance<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/csiag.de\/en\/blog\/2026\/02\/18\/photobiomodulation-pbm\/#Haut_Wundheilung_Kollagen_660_nm\" >Skin, wound healing &amp; collagen (660 nm)<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/csiag.de\/en\/blog\/2026\/02\/18\/photobiomodulation-pbm\/#Ubergreifende_Reviews_Mechanismen\" >Comprehensive reviews &amp; mechanisms<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/csiag.de\/en\/blog\/2026\/02\/18\/photobiomodulation-pbm\/#Kollagensynthese_Hautverjungung\" >Collagen synthesis &amp; skin rejuvenation<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/csiag.de\/en\/blog\/2026\/02\/18\/photobiomodulation-pbm\/#Klinische_Studien_Wundheilung_JAAD\" >Clinical Studies Wound Healing (JAAD)<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/csiag.de\/en\/blog\/2026\/02\/18\/photobiomodulation-pbm\/#Muskeln_Sport_Rehabilitation_850_nm\" >Muscles, sport &amp; rehabilitation (850 nm)<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/csiag.de\/en\/blog\/2026\/02\/18\/photobiomodulation-pbm\/#Skelettmuskelregeneration\" >Skeletal muscle regeneration<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-9\" href=\"https:\/\/csiag.de\/en\/blog\/2026\/02\/18\/photobiomodulation-pbm\/#Meta-Analysen_Sportleistung_Muskelkater\" >Meta-analyses of sports performance &amp; muscle soreness<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-10\" href=\"https:\/\/csiag.de\/en\/blog\/2026\/02\/18\/photobiomodulation-pbm\/#Gehirn_Kognition_Neurologie_810%E2%80%931064_nm\" >Brain, cognition &amp; neurology (810-1,064 nm)<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-11\" href=\"https:\/\/csiag.de\/en\/blog\/2026\/02\/18\/photobiomodulation-pbm\/#Mechanismen_allgemeine_Wirkungen\" >Mechanisms &amp; general effects<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-12\" href=\"https:\/\/csiag.de\/en\/blog\/2026\/02\/18\/photobiomodulation-pbm\/#Alzheimer_Demenz\" >Alzheimer's &amp; Dementia<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-13\" href=\"https:\/\/csiag.de\/en\/blog\/2026\/02\/18\/photobiomodulation-pbm\/#TBI_Entgiftung_1064_nm\" >TBI &amp; detoxification (1,064 nm)<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-14\" href=\"https:\/\/csiag.de\/en\/blog\/2026\/02\/18\/photobiomodulation-pbm\/#Schmerzmanagement\" >Pain management<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-15\" href=\"https:\/\/csiag.de\/en\/blog\/2026\/02\/18\/photobiomodulation-pbm\/#Ubergreifende_Reviews\" >Comprehensive reviews<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-16\" href=\"https:\/\/csiag.de\/en\/blog\/2026\/02\/18\/photobiomodulation-pbm\/#Fibromyalgie\" >Fibromyalgia<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-17\" href=\"https:\/\/csiag.de\/en\/blog\/2026\/02\/18\/photobiomodulation-pbm\/#Kniearthrose_Tendinopathie\" >Knee osteoarthritis &amp; tendinopathy<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-18\" href=\"https:\/\/csiag.de\/en\/blog\/2026\/02\/18\/photobiomodulation-pbm\/#Neuropathischer_Schmerz\" >Neuropathic pain<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-19\" href=\"https:\/\/csiag.de\/en\/blog\/2026\/02\/18\/photobiomodulation-pbm\/#Augenheilkunde_AMD\" >Ophthalmology (AMD)<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-20\" href=\"https:\/\/csiag.de\/en\/blog\/2026\/02\/18\/photobiomodulation-pbm\/#Altersbedingte_Makuladegeneration\" >Age-related macular degeneration<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-21\" href=\"https:\/\/csiag.de\/en\/blog\/2026\/02\/18\/photobiomodulation-pbm\/#Onkologie_Mukositis\" >Oncology &amp; Mucositis<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-22\" href=\"https:\/\/csiag.de\/en\/blog\/2026\/02\/18\/photobiomodulation-pbm\/#Leitlinien\" >Guidelines<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-23\" href=\"https:\/\/csiag.de\/en\/blog\/2026\/02\/18\/photobiomodulation-pbm\/#Chemotherapie-induzierte_Mukositis\" >Chemotherapy-induced mucositis<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-24\" href=\"https:\/\/csiag.de\/en\/blog\/2026\/02\/18\/photobiomodulation-pbm\/#Kopf-Hals-Karzinome_Strahlentherapie\" >Head and neck cancer &amp; radiotherapy<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-25\" href=\"https:\/\/csiag.de\/en\/blog\/2026\/02\/18\/photobiomodulation-pbm\/#Immunsystem_Entzundung\" >Immune system &amp; inflammation<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-26\" href=\"https:\/\/csiag.de\/en\/blog\/2026\/02\/18\/photobiomodulation-pbm\/#Immunmodulation\" >Immunomodulation<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-27\" href=\"https:\/\/csiag.de\/en\/blog\/2026\/02\/18\/photobiomodulation-pbm\/#Klinische_Empfehlungen\" >Clinical recommendations<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-28\" href=\"https:\/\/csiag.de\/en\/blog\/2026\/02\/18\/photobiomodulation-pbm\/#Allgemeine_Dosierungsregeln_Konsensus\" >General dosage rules (consensus)<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-29\" href=\"https:\/\/csiag.de\/en\/blog\/2026\/02\/18\/photobiomodulation-pbm\/#Evidenzstarke_nach_Bereich\" >Strength of evidence by area<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-30\" href=\"https:\/\/csiag.de\/en\/blog\/2026\/02\/18\/photobiomodulation-pbm\/#Kontakt_zu_PBM-Anwendern_%E2%80%93_Arzte_Kliniken\" >Contact with PBM users - doctors \/ clinics<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-31\" href=\"https:\/\/csiag.de\/en\/blog\/2026\/02\/18\/photobiomodulation-pbm\/#Augenheilkunde_%E2%80%93_Trockene_AMD_Makuladegeneration\" >Ophthalmology - Dry AMD (macular degeneration)<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-32\" href=\"https:\/\/csiag.de\/en\/blog\/2026\/02\/18\/photobiomodulation-pbm\/#Onkologie_%E2%80%93_Orale_Mukositis_Chemo-Strahlentherapiefolge\" >Oncology - Oral mucositis (consequence of chemotherapy\/radiotherapy)<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-33\" href=\"https:\/\/csiag.de\/en\/blog\/2026\/02\/18\/photobiomodulation-pbm\/#Dermatologie_%E2%80%93_Haut_Wundheilung_Akne_Psoriasis\" >Dermatology - skin, wound healing, acne, psoriasis<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-34\" href=\"https:\/\/csiag.de\/en\/blog\/2026\/02\/18\/photobiomodulation-pbm\/#Zahnmedizin_MKG-Chirurgie\" >Dentistry \/ maxillofacial surgery<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-35\" href=\"https:\/\/csiag.de\/en\/blog\/2026\/02\/18\/photobiomodulation-pbm\/#Neurologie_Psychiatrie_%E2%80%93_Alzheimer_TBI_Depression_fruhe_Phase\" >Neurology \/ Psychiatry - Alzheimer's, TBI, depression (early phase)<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-36\" href=\"https:\/\/csiag.de\/en\/blog\/2026\/02\/18\/photobiomodulation-pbm\/#Allgemeine_Suchwerkzeuge\" >General search tools<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Comprehensive study overview 2023-2025<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Einleitung\"><\/span>Introduction<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Photobiomodulation (PBM), also known as low-level laser therapy (LLLT), is a non-invasive therapeutic method that uses light of specific wavelengths to stimulate biological processes in living tissue.<br>The primary mechanism is the absorption of photons by the mitochondrial photoacceptor <em>Cytochrome c oxidase<\/em> (CCO), which is the <em>ATP synthesis<\/em> modulates reactive oxygen species and triggers a cascade of cellular regeneration processes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The therapeutically relevant \u201eoptical window\u201c is between 600 and 1,100 nm. Three clinically particularly important wavelengths are:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>660 nm<\/strong><br>Penetration depth 1-10 mm, power density 6-50 mW\/cm\u00b2<br>Ideal for skin, wound healing and superficial tissue.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>850 nm<\/strong><br>Penetration depth up to 50 mm, power density 50-100 mW\/cm\u00b2<br>Suitable for muscles, joints and deeper structures.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>1,050-1,064 nm<\/strong><br>Deep tissue penetration, power density 25-285 mW\/cm\u00b2 (transcranial)<br>Relevant for neurology, brain and ophthalmology.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The basic principle of dose determination follows the <em>Arndt-Schulz curve<\/em> (Hormesis):<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Too little light has no effect, the optimum dose stimulates<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Too much has an inhibitory to cell-damaging effect.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">This biphasic relationship explains why correct power densities and energy densities are crucial for successful therapy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Indikationen_auf_einen_Blick\"><\/span>Indications at a glance<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The following table summarizes the parameters used in clinical studies (wavelength, power density, energy density, duration, frequency) for each treatment area. <br>Sources: Hamblin\/Harvard (<a href=\"https:\/\/pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/articles\/PMC8355782\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">PMC8355782<\/a>), <a href=\"https:\/\/waltpbm.org\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">WALT guidelines<\/a>, clinical studies 2020-2025.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><thead><tr><td><strong>Indication<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>Wavelength<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>Power density<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>Energy density<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>Duration \/ session<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>frequency<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Skin \/ Collagen<\/td><td>660 nm<\/td><td>6-50 mW\/cm\u00b2<\/td><td>8-16 J\/cm\u00b2<\/td><td>10-21 min<\/td><td>2-3\u00d7 \/ week<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>wound healing<\/td><td>630-660 nm<\/td><td>10-50 mW\/cm\u00b2<\/td><td>4-15 J\/cm\u00b2<\/td><td>7-20 min<\/td><td>daily - 3\u00d7 \/ week<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Muscle regeneration<\/td><td>808-850 nm<\/td><td>50-100 mW\/cm\u00b2<\/td><td>10-30 J\/cm\u00b2<\/td><td>5-15 min<\/td><td>directly before\/after sport<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Chronic pain<\/td><td>630-905 nm<\/td><td>40-100 mW\/cm\u00b2<\/td><td>4-10 J\/cm\u00b2<\/td><td>10-20 min<\/td><td>3\u00d7 \/ week, 6-12 weeks.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Fibromyalgia<\/td><td>630-1,100 nm (whole body)<\/td><td>variable<\/td><td>1-150 J\/cm\u00b2<\/td><td>15-30 min<\/td><td>2-3\u00d7 \/ week, 4-6 weeks.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Knee osteoarthritis<\/td><td>630-850 nm<\/td><td>40-80 mW\/cm\u00b2<\/td><td>4-10 J\/cm\u00b2<\/td><td>10-20 min<\/td><td>3\u00d7 \/ week<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Brain \/ Cognition<\/td><td>810-1,064 nm (transcranial)<\/td><td>25-285 mW\/cm\u00b2<\/td><td>20-60 J\/cm\u00b2<\/td><td>10-20 min<\/td><td>3\u00d7 \/ week<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>AMD \/ Eye<\/td><td>590 + 660 + 850 nm<\/td><td>0.3-15 \u03bcW\/cm\u00b2 (retinal)<\/td><td>very low<\/td><td>3-10 min \/ session<\/td><td>3\u00d7\/week to daily<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Mucositis (oncology)<\/td><td>630-660 nm<\/td><td>10-25 mW\/cm\u00b2<\/td><td>2-6 J\/cm\u00b2<\/td><td>3-5 min \/ point<\/td><td>daily during therapy<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Immune modulation \/ inflammation<\/td><td>650-950 nm<\/td><td>variable<\/td><td>1-10 J\/cm\u00b2<\/td><td>5-15 min<\/td><td>3\u00d7 \/ week<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>Power density = Irradiance (mW\/cm\u00b2) at the tissue surface.<\/em><br><em>Energy density = fluence (J\/cm\u00b2) per session.<\/em><br><em>AMD: Retinal irradiation values are significantly lower than skin surface values.<\/em><br><em><strong>Notice<\/strong>No uniform international standard - values reflect consensus from meta-analyses and WALT recommendations.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Haut_Wundheilung_Kollagen_660_nm\"><\/span>Skin, wound healing &amp; collagen (660 nm)<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Red light at 660 nm is absorbed particularly efficiently by skin chromophores and activates collagen synthesis in fibroblasts via the upregulation of COL1A1 and COL3A1 gene expression as well as MMP-9 and NO release. Penetration depth: 1-10 mm (epidermis, dermis, hypodermis). The biphasic dose pattern is particularly pronounced in skin tissue: energy densities above 20 J\/cm\u00b2 can trigger oxidative stress and reverse collagen stimulation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>parameter<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Wavelength 660 nm (also 630-680 nm)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Power density 6-50 mW\/cm\u00b2 (LED: 6-30; laser: 30-50)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Energy density 8-16 J\/cm\u00b2 (optimum)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Duration 10-21 min | 3\u00d7 weekly<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>At least 8 weeks for skin rejuvenation; 4 weeks for wound healing<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Ubergreifende_Reviews_Mechanismen\"><\/span>Comprehensive reviews &amp; mechanisms<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>From light to healing: Photobiomodulation therapy in medical disciplines<\/strong><br><em>Journal of Translational Medicine (2025)<\/em><a href=\"https:\/\/pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/articles\/PMC12751248\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> Full text \/ PubMed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Comprehensive review combining photophysics, mitochondrial biology and clinical rehabilitation. PBM at 600-1,100 nm activates increased ATP synthesis and controlled ROS signaling via CCO, which activates transcription factors (NF-\u03baB, AP-1, HIF-1\u03b1) and upregulates growth factors (TGF-\u03b2, VEGF, IGF-1). At the tissue level, fibroblast and keratinocyte proliferation, macrophage polarization and collagen synthesis are promoted. Most important dose recommendation for tissue with low mitochondrial content (skin, tendon): Power density &lt; 100 mW\/cm\u00b2, energy density 4-10 J\/cm\u00b2 at the target tissue.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Unlocking the Power of Light on the Skin: A Comprehensive Review on Photobiomodulation<\/strong><br><em>Int. J. Mol. Sci. (2024)<\/em> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1422-0067\/25\/8\/4483\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Full text \/ PubMed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Narrative review of clinical studies (6 years) on PBM in dermatology. 630-950 nm was used most frequently. Optimal for skin rejuvenation: 630-660 nm, 6-50 mW\/cm\u00b2, 8-16 J\/cm\u00b2, 3\u00d7\/week. Bikini biphasic effect: Best results with moderate-intermediate doses; overdosing (&gt;20 J\/cm\u00b2 on skin surface) can inhibit collagen synthesis instead of promoting it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Kollagensynthese_Hautverjungung\"><\/span>Collagen synthesis &amp; skin rejuvenation<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Optimizing Low-Level Light Therapy for Skin Rejuvenation<\/strong><br><em>SCIRP (2025)<\/em> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scirp.org\/journal\/paperinformation?paperid=142513\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Full text \/ PubMed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">RCT (split-face) with 830 nm + 633 nm LED. Parameters: 6.4 mW\/cm\u00b2, 8.05 J\/cm\u00b2, 21 minutes per session, 3\u00d7\/week for 4 weeks. Significant wrinkle reduction and improved skin elasticity. Key finding: 3 weekly sessions were more effective than 2 - frequency strongly influenced result.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Regulation of Skin Collagen Metabolism using 660 nm LED<\/strong><br><em>Journal of Investigative Dermatology (classic study)<\/em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S0022202X15341749\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> Full text \/ PubMed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>parameter<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>660 nm, pulsed (sequential pulse mode LED)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>11 meetings<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Results<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>+31% Type 1 procollagen<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>-18% MMP-1 in tissue biopsies.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&gt;90% of the test subjects showed a reduction in wrinkle depth.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The sequential pulse pattern (not continuous wave) was decisive for the photobiological effectiveness.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Klinische_Studien_Wundheilung_JAAD\"><\/span>Clinical Studies Wound Healing (JAAD)<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Photobiomodulation CME part II: Clinical applications in dermatology<\/strong><br><em>Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (2024)<\/em> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.jaad.org\/article\/S0190-9622(24)00187-7\/fulltext\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Full text \/ PubMed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Consensus of &gt;20 experts (JAAD). Parameters for diabetic ulcers (evidence level IA): 630-670 nm, 10-50 mW\/cm\u00b2, 2-6 J\/cm\u00b2, daily application or 3\u00d7\/week until wound closure. Meta-analysis of 12 RCTs: ulcer area -30.9%, -4.2 cm\u00b2 compared to control. All wound healing phases (inflammatory, proliferative, remodeling) are positively influenced.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Effect of PBM Therapy (660 nm) on Wound Healing Infected by Staphylococcus aureus<\/strong><br><em>Photobiomodule Photomed Laser Surg. (2020)<\/em> <a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/32466696\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Full text \/ PubMed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Animal study: 660 nm, 35 min\/day, 7 days. Significantly smaller wounds (p &lt; 0.01), more granulation tissue, highest collagen content (grade 3+). PCNA proliferation markers significantly increased. Note: Intensity deliberately kept low - for infected wounds it is particularly important not to exceed the dose (&lt; 15 J\/cm\u00b2).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Muskeln_Sport_Rehabilitation_850_nm\"><\/span>Muscles, sport &amp; rehabilitation (850 nm)<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Near-infrared light at 850 nm penetrates up to 50 mm deep. According to a meta-analysis (Baroni et al., 2019), the optimum parameter for muscle applications is 810 nm, 100 mW\/cm\u00b2, 30 J\/cm\u00b2 - 15% strength gain was measured in trained athletes. If the doses are too high (&gt;50 J\/cm\u00b2, &gt;200 mW\/cm\u00b2), the effects decrease. The study by Leal-Junior et al. (2011) determined the optimal dose for 810 nm to be 30 J total (not J\/cm\u00b2) over 6 muscle points before training.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>parameter<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Wavelength 808-850 nm<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Power density 50-100 mW\/cm\u00b2 (laser); 30-150 mW\/cm\u00b2 (LED panel)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Energy density 10-30 J\/cm\u00b2 (athletes); 6-10 J\/cm\u00b2 (rehabilitation)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Duration 5-15 min\/muscle group<br>Use directly before or after training<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>3-7\u00d7\/week for intensive training; 2-3\u00d7 for rehabilitation<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Skelettmuskelregeneration\"><\/span>Skeletal muscle regeneration<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>PBMT in skeletal muscle regeneration: comprehensive review<\/strong><br><em>Photodiagnosis and Photodynamic Therapy (2025)<\/em> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S1572100025001668\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Full text \/ PubMed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Key study (Baroni 2019): 810 nm, 100 mW\/cm\u00b2, 30 J\/cm\u00b2, 6 muscle points \u2192 15% strength increase in athletes. IL-6 reduction by 40% with preventive PBM (5 J\/cm\u00b2 on rat tibialis). Warning: Parameters from animal studies (e.g. 5 J\/cm\u00b2) not directly transferable to humans - human quadriceps require higher energy densities due to greater tissue depth.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>PBM in human muscle tissue: an advantage in sports performance?<\/strong><br><em>J. Biophotonics (PMC) (2016)<\/em> <a href=\"https:\/\/pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/articles\/PMC5167494\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Full text \/ PubMed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Systematic review of all RCTs (level 1b) and case-control studies (level 3b). Most effective parameters for biceps application: 810-850 nm, 50-100 mW\/cm\u00b2, 10-30 J\/cm\u00b2. Most effective parameters for quadriceps (larger muscle, deeper tissue): higher energies required, cluster applicators (5 diodes) preferred. PBM pre-training is at least equivalent, often superior to post-training application for strength values.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Meta-Analysen_Sportleistung_Muskelkater\"><\/span>Meta-analyses of sports performance &amp; muscle soreness<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Effects of Photomodulation Therapy for DOMS: Systematic Review &amp; Meta-Analysis<\/strong><br><em>MDPI JFMK (2025)<\/em> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2411-5142\/10\/3\/277\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Full text \/ PubMed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">14 studies, wavelengths 660-950 nm, 1-6 muscle points. Optimal for DOMS reduction: 830-850 nm, 50-100 mW\/cm\u00b2, 6-10 J\/cm\u00b2 per point, directly after training. Significant VAS pain reduction compared to placebo; positive effects on muscle strength retention.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Can pre-exercise PBM improve muscle endurance and promote recovery? Meta-analysis<\/strong><br><em>Lasers in Medical Science (2024)<\/em> <a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/38758297\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Full text \/ PubMed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Creatine kinase reduced by 77.56 units (95%-KI: -112.67 to -42.44, p &lt; 0.01). Most effective parameters: 810 nm, 200 mW total power, 30 J total energy to 6 quadriceps points. Biphasic finding: 50 J total was less effective than 30 J - clear example of Hormesis\/Arndt-Schulz curve.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Pre-Exercise PBM (810 nm): Optimal Power Output for Muscle Recovery<\/strong><br><em>Photomed Laser Surg (2017)<\/em> <a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/29099680\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Full text \/ PubMed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">RCT with 28 soccer athletes. Compared 100, 200, 400 mW power per diode (5 diodes, 810 nm). Result: 100 mW\/diode (500 mW total) was optimal. Higher power (200, 400 mW) showed no better or even worse results - classic example: more power density is not automatically better.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Effects of PBM, IPC and NMES on muscle recovery: Systematic review<\/strong><br><em>Journal of Bodywork and Movement Therapies (2025)<\/em> <a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/40954632\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Full text \/ PubMed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">19 RCTs, 672 participants. PBM pre-training reduced pain by -12.27 points (95%-KI -18.14 to -6.40; I\u00b2 = 48%). PBM was the only method (vs. IPC and NMES) with significant benefit. Recommended parameters: 810-850 nm, 50-100 mW\/cm\u00b2, 6-10 J\/cm\u00b2.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Gehirn_Kognition_Neurologie_810%E2%80%931064_nm\"><\/span>Brain, cognition &amp; neurology (810-1,064 nm)<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Transcranial PBM has to overcome several biological barriers (scalp, skull bones, meninges, cerebrospinal fluid, cortex). Therefore, the required power densities are significantly higher than for superficial applications. A 2024 Systematic Review (97 studies, 2,133 sources) found: Studies typically use ~250 mW\/cm\u00b2 at the surface - of which only a fraction reaches the brain tissue. For cortical neurons: optimal ATP production at 25 mW\/cm\u00b2, 3 J\/cm\u00b2. Mitochondrial damage already occurred at 30 J\/cm\u00b2 (too high a dose = inhibitory).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>parameter<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Wavelength 810 nm (cognition\/Alzheimer's), 1,064 nm (deep penetration\/TBI)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Power density 25-285 mW\/cm\u00b2 at the scalp (target tissue: cortex receives a fraction of this)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Energy density 20-60 J\/cm\u00b2 (surface); 3 J\/cm\u00b2 at the target tissue (neurons)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Duration 10-20 min | 3\u00d7\/week (12 weeks for Alzheimer's RCTs)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>At least 8-12 weeks for cognitive effects; acute effects from 1-2 weeks for TBI<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Mechanismen_allgemeine_Wirkungen\"><\/span>Mechanisms &amp; general effects<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Photobiomodulation Therapy on Brain: Revolutionize Cognitive Dynamics<\/strong><br><em>MDPI Cells (2024)<\/em> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2073-4409\/13\/11\/966\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Full text \/ PubMed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">PBM activates cytochrome c oxidase in neuronal mitochondria, increases BDNF. 810 nm shows stronger CCO activation than 1,064 nm (CCO absorption peak at ~810 nm). 1,064 nm, on the other hand, influences Ca\u00b2\u207a channels more strongly. Clinical parameter consensus: 810 nm, 250 mW\/cm\u00b2 surface area, 20-60 J\/cm\u00b2, transcranial on prefrontal cortex and temporal lobe.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Brain PBM Narrative Review: Mechanisms, doses, future trends<\/strong><br><em>PMC (Brain Photobiomodulation Review) (2018)<\/em> <a href=\"https:\/\/pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/articles\/PMC6041198\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Full text \/ PubMed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Key parameters: Cortical neurons (cultured): 25 mW\/cm\u00b2, optimal ATP production at 3 J\/cm\u00b2. Higher doses (10 J\/cm\u00b2) stimulate less, 30 J\/cm\u00b2 leads to mitochondrial damage. For deeper brain regions (basal ganglia, brain stem in Parkinson's disease): Class 4 laser (10-15 W) recommended instead of Class 3 (&lt;0.5 W) to bring sufficient fluence into the depths.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Alzheimer_Demenz\"><\/span>Alzheimer's &amp; Dementia<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Brain PBM: potential treatment in Alzheimer's &amp; Parkinson's<\/strong><br><em>PMC (2025)<\/em> <a href=\"https:\/\/pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/articles\/PMC12321612\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Full text \/ PubMed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Preclinical studies: 808-810 nm, pulsed (40 Hz), daily or 3\u00d7\/week, 12 weeks. Showed reduction of amyloid beta, ox. Stress, neuroinflammation; better cognitive scores in animal model. Clinical study (Japan): pulsed 810 nm light (40 Hz), 3\u00d7\/week, 12 weeks, result: significantly improved ADAS-Cog scores.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Transcranial PBM in Alzheimer's: RCT protocol (Japan)<\/strong><br><em>Frontiers in Neurology (2024)<\/em> <a href=\"https:\/\/pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/articles\/PMC11258032\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Full text \/ PubMed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Fully characterized RCT parameters: 810 nm, pulsed 40 Hz, 250 mW\/cm\u00b2, 20 min\/session, 3\u00d7\/week, 12 weeks. EEG measurements showed improved alpha\/beta\/gamma rhythm. Primary endpoint ADAS-Cog (Alzheimer's Cognition Scale). Prospective sham-controlled study.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Transcranial PBM Improves Cognitive Function, PTSD &amp; Post-Concussion Symptoms<\/strong><br><em>Journal of Neurotrauma (2025)<\/em> <a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/40485299\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Full text \/ PubMed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">RCT, 17 TBI patients. Parameters: 810 nm or 1,064 nm, 250 mW\/cm\u00b2, 20 J\/cm\u00b2, 10 min\/session. Significant improvements in cognitive function, PTSD and post-concussion symptoms. Placebo-controlled.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"TBI_Entgiftung_1064_nm\"><\/span>TBI &amp; detoxification (1,064 nm)<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>1064 nm PBM promotes TBI recovery via modulating neuroinflammation<\/strong><br><em>Journal of Translational Medicine (2025)<\/em> <a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/41204266\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Full text \/ PubMed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Mouse model: 1,064 nm LED, 25 mW\/cm\u00b2, 12 min\/day (= 18 J\/cm\u00b2), 14 days. Significant recovery after TBI, alleviation of cognitive and emotional impairments. BDNF and VEGF significantly increased in the treatment area. Mechanism: Modulation of microglia polarization and neuroinflammation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>PBM &amp; the Glymphatic System: Augmenting Brain Lymphatic Drainage<\/strong><br><em>Int. J. Mol. Sci. (2022)<\/em> <a href=\"https:\/\/pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/articles\/PMC8950470\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Full text \/ PubMed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Animal studies: PBM (810 nm, 25-50 mW\/cm\u00b2) improves meningeal lymph flow, promotes amyloid beta clearance via the glymphatic system. Therapeutic implication: Detoxification function of the brain - relevant for Alzheimer's prevention and general brain health.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Schmerzmanagement\"><\/span>Pain management<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">PBM has an analgesic effect via several mechanisms: reduction of pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-\u03b1, IL-6, IL-1\u03b2), modulation of nociceptive C and A\u03b4 fibers, increase in endorphin release and improvement of local microcirculation. For superficial pain points (tender points, trigger points): 630-660 nm is sufficient. For deeper musculoskeletal structures (joints, spine): 780-905 nm with higher power density.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>parameter<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Wavelength 630-905 nm (depending on the depth of the pain point)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Power density 40-100 mW\/cm\u00b2 (superficial: 40-60; deep: 60-100)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Energy density 4-10 J\/cm\u00b2 per point (for fibromyalgia: up to 150 J\/cm\u00b2 whole body)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Duration 10-20 min\/session<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Frequency 3\u00d7\/week, 6-12 weeks; fibromyalgia: 4-6 weeks intensive + follow-up<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Ubergreifende_Reviews\"><\/span>Comprehensive reviews<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Effects of PBM on multiple health outcomes: Umbrella Review of RCTs<\/strong><br><em>Systematic Reviews (Springer) (2025)<\/em> <a href=\"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s13643-025-02902-3\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Full text \/ PubMed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">15 meta-analyses, &gt;9,000 patients, 35 endpoints, 15 diseases. Strongest evidence for fibromyalgia, knee osteoarthritis disability and cognitive impairment. PBM protocols varied widely - no uniform standard exists, which makes comparability difficult. GRADE quality: 17% moderate, 57% low, 26% very low.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>PBM in chronic pain: Systematic Review of RCTs<\/strong><br><em>Frontiers in Integrative Neuroscience (2026)<\/em> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/journals\/integrative-neuroscience\/articles\/10.3389\/fnint.2026.1717372\/full\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Full text \/ PubMed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">14 RCTs, 6,611 articles screened. Strongest results for fibromyalgia and peripheral neuropathies: VAS reduction significant (p = 0.010), tender points significantly reduced (p &lt; 0.0001). Recommended parameters for neuropathic pain: 660-830 nm, 40-80 mW\/cm\u00b2, 4-6 J\/cm\u00b2, 3\u00d7 weekly.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Fibromyalgie\"><\/span>Fibromyalgia<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Effectiveness of PBMT in Fibromyalgia: Systematic Review (17 studies)<\/strong><br><em>MDPI Applied Sciences (2025)<\/em> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2076-3417\/15\/8\/4161\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Full text \/ PubMed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">857 participants. Devices used: low-level laser, infrared LED, whole-body light beds (NovoTHOR). Whole-body PBM (630-1,100 nm, variable fluence 1-150 J\/cm\u00b2) was at least equivalent to localized PBM. Mechanism: Modulation of oxidative stress, mitochondrial function and nociceptive signaling pathways. Recommendation: Whole-body approach preferred for widespread pain points.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Whole-body PBM on pain, QoL, kinesiophobia: triple-blinded RCT, 6 months follow-up<\/strong><br><em>Frontiers in Neuroscience (2024)<\/em> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/journals\/neuroscience\/articles\/10.3389\/fnins.2024.1264821\/full\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Full text \/ PubMed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">42 patients, NovoTHOR full body bed (660 + 850 nm, proprietary power density). 12 treatment sessions. Significant pain reduction at T2 (after therapy), T3 (2-week follow-up) and T4\/T5 (3 and 6 months). Whole-body PBM addresses systemic fibromyalgia pathology more effectively than selective application.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Kniearthrose_Tendinopathie\"><\/span>Knee osteoarthritis &amp; tendinopathy<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>PBM for knee osteoarthritis: Systematic Review &amp; Meta-Analysis (10 RCTs)<\/strong><br><em>Physical Therapy (2024)<\/em> <a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/38775202\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Full text \/ PubMed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">542 participants. Most effective parameters: 810-830 nm, 50-100 mW\/cm\u00b2, 4-10 J\/cm\u00b2 on knee joint space, 10-20 min, 3\u00d7\/week. Moderate evidence for pain reduction and functional improvement. Note: Knee joint is deeper than skin surface - therefore 810-850 nm (deeper penetration) preferred over 660 nm.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Neuropathischer_Schmerz\"><\/span>Neuropathic pain<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>PBM in neuropathic pain: mechanisms, evidence &amp; future directions<\/strong><br><em>Frontiers in Photonics (2025)<\/em> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/journals\/photonics\/articles\/10.3389\/fphot.2025.1730347\/full\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Full text \/ PubMed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">660 nm activates different photoacceptors than 810-850 nm. For superficial neuropathy (e.g. post-herpetic neuralgia): 660 nm, 20-50 mW\/cm\u00b2, 4-6 J\/cm\u00b2. For deep neuropathy (e.g. diabetic polyneuropathy feet): 810-830 nm, 50-100 mW\/cm\u00b2, 6-10 J\/cm\u00b2. Mechanism: PBM induces neuroprotection via BDNF synthesis and neuroinflammation suppression.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Augenheilkunde_AMD\"><\/span>Ophthalmology (AMD)<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Special dosage rules apply for eye applications (especially AMD): The retinal irradiance (what actually reaches the retina) is drastically lower than the device power density. Devices such as the photobiomodulation glasses (LumiThera) emit light through the pupil - directly onto the macula. Therefore, as little as 0.3-15 \u03bcW\/cm\u00b2 retinal irradiance can be sufficient. Caution: Incorrect dosage can cause retinal damage. Only use approved ophthalmologic PBM devices!<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>parameter<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Wavelength 590 nm + 660 nm + 850 nm (multi-wavelength, e.g. LIGHTSITE III)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Power density 0.3-15 \u03bcW\/cm\u00b2 (retinal); device ~600 \u03bcW\/cm\u00b2 surface area<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Very low energy density, meticulously calibrated<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Duration 3-10 min\/session, 3\u00d7 per week over 3-13 months<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Long-term use; check every 3 months<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Altersbedingte_Makuladegeneration\"><\/span>Age-related macular degeneration<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>LIGHTSITE III: PBM (590+660+850 nm) with dry AMD<\/strong><br><em>RETINA Journal (2024)<\/em> <a href=\"https:\/\/journals.lww.com\/retinajournal\/fulltext\/2024\/03000\/lightsite_iii__13_month_efficacy_and_safety.14.aspx\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Full text \/ PubMed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">100 patients, 10 US centers, 13 months. Device: LumiThera Valeda Light Delivery System. Wavelengths: 590 + 660 + 850 nm sequentially. Treatment: 3\u00d7\/week for 3 months, then repeated treatment cycles. Result: +5.4 letters visual acuity (ETDRS) vs. sham, &lt;1% new geographic atrophy vs. 9.8% in the sham arm - statistically highly significant.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>PBM4AMD: Short-term efficacy in early\/intermediate AMD<\/strong><br><em>Eye (Nature) (2024)<\/em> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41433-024-03326-4\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Full text \/ PubMed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">38 participants, 12 weeks. Parameters: Multi-wavelength (similar to LIGHTSITE), 10 min\/session, 3\u00d7\/week. Visual acuity, contrast sensitivity and dark adaptation improved significantly. Safety: no thermal or structural side effects on the retina.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>PBM use in ophthalmology: bench to bedside<\/strong><br><em>Frontiers in Ophthalmology (2024)<\/em> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/journals\/ophthalmology\/articles\/10.3389\/fopht.2024.1388602\/full\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Full text \/ PubMed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Explains the complex parameter situation in ophthalmology: retinal irradiance is decisive, not device power. Various AMD studies with 630 nm already showed significant retinal improvements at 15 \u03bcW\/cm\u00b2. No side effects over 15 years with correct dosing - important: only use calibrated medical devices with eye-specific approvals.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Onkologie_Mukositis\"><\/span>Oncology &amp; Mucositis<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Oral mucositis is the most common acute side effect of chemotherapy\/radiotherapy. PBM is applied intraorally to the oral mucosa as a preventive measure (before and during cancer therapy). According to MASCC\/ISOO guidelines (2019), PBM is the only non-pharmacological intervention with a formal recommendation (Level A) for mucositis prevention in hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. The wavelengths and dosages are the most standardized in this area.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>parameter<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Wavelength 630-660 nm (intraoral); 650 + 980 nm (combined intra+extraoral)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Power density 10-25 mW\/cm\u00b2 (MASCC\/ISOO recommends InGaAlP lasers 10-25 mW)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Energy density 2-6 J\/cm\u00b2 per mucosa point<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Duration 3-5 min\/point<br>Use daily or alternately during cancer therapy<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Frequency Daily during chemotherapy\/radiotherapy; at least 5\u00d7 per week<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Leitlinien\"><\/span>Guidelines<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>MASCC\/ISOO Clinical Practice Guidelines for PBM &amp; Oral Mucositis<\/strong><br><em>Support Care Cancer (2019)<\/em> <a href=\"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00520-019-04890-2\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Full text \/ PubMed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Formal recommendation (highest level of evidence): Wavelength 632-685 nm (He-Ne or InGaAlP), power 10-25 mW, energy density 2-4 J\/cm\u00b2 per application point, intraorally on diseased areas. Frequency: daily during chemo. Applies to: hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, head and neck chemoradiotherapy. No significant side effects after 15 years of follow-up.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Chemotherapie-induzierte_Mukositis\"><\/span>Chemotherapy-induced mucositis<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Preventive PBM for Chemo-Induced Oral Mucositis: Systematic Review of RCTs<\/strong><br><em>MDPI Biomedicines (2025)<\/em> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2227-9059\/13\/2\/268\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Full text \/ PubMed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">13 studies, 828 patients. Parameters used: 630-660 nm InGaAlP diode laser, 10-25 mW, 2-6 J\/cm\u00b2, intraoral daily. 211 vs. 128 patients developed mucositis (control vs. PBM). 85% of the studies had low risk of bias. Preventive PBM significantly superior to reactive treatment.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>PBM preconditioning for oral mucositis: double-blind RCT<\/strong><br><em>BMC Oral Health (2025)<\/em> <a href=\"https:\/\/pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/articles\/PMC11800611\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Full text \/ PubMed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">45 patients, 3 groups. Group 2: intraoral 650 nm (4 J\/cm\u00b2). Group 3: intraoral 650 nm + extraoral 980 nm. Both intervention groups showed significant prevention of mucositis and xerostomia. Result: Combination of red + infrared light (650 + 980 nm) maximally effective for total mouth coverage.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Kopf-Hals-Karzinome_Strahlentherapie\"><\/span>Head and neck cancer &amp; radiotherapy<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>PBM for oral mucositis in head &amp; neck cancer: Meta-Analysis of 14 RCTs<\/strong><br><em>Head &amp; Neck (Wiley) (2024)<\/em> <a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/38265122\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Full text \/ PubMed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">869 patients. Parameter analysis: He-Ne and InGaAlP laser (630-660 nm), 10-25 mW, 2-6 J\/cm\u00b2, daily application during radiotherapy showed best results. Relative risk reduction for mucositis: RR = 0.49 (p = 0.04) from week 2. Pain reduction: WMD = -1.09 (p &lt; 0.00001). Highly significant efficacy over 7 weeks of radiotherapy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Immunsystem_Entzundung\"><\/span>Immune system &amp; inflammation<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">PBM influences the immune system in a context-dependent manner: In inflamed tissue it has an anti-inflammatory effect (reduces TNF-\u03b1, IL-6, IL-1\u03b2; promotes M2 macrophage polarization), in healthy tissue it has a stimulating effect. The immunomodulatory effect has been demonstrated within the optical window (650-950 nm), with a dose corridor of 1-10 J\/cm\u00b2. Important: These doses are significantly lower than for muscle applications - the immune system reacts more sensitively.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>parameter<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Wavelength 650-950 nm (broadest effective spectrum; 660 + 850 nm combination recommended)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Power density 20-80 mW\/cm\u00b2<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Energy density 1-10 J\/cm\u00b2 (immunomodulation)<br>Higher doses can have an immunosuppressive effect<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Duration 5-15 min\/session<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>3\u00d7\/week; for acute inflammation daily in the first week<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Immunmodulation\"><\/span>Immunomodulation<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Immunomodulatory effects of PBM: comprehensive review<\/strong><br><em>Lasers in Medical Science (2025)<\/em> <a href=\"https:\/\/pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/articles\/PMC11991943\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Full text \/ PubMed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Optimal parameters for immunomodulation: 650-950 nm, 20-80 mW\/cm\u00b2, 1-10 J\/cm\u00b2. PBM influences dendritic cells (migration, cytokine production), promotes macrophage M2 polarization and regulates T cell responses. Important finding: Just 1 J\/cm\u00b2 is sufficient for measurable immunological effects - well below the doses recommended for muscle\/bone.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Efficacy of PBM therapy in treatment of pain and inflammation: Literature Review<\/strong><br><em>PMC (2023)<\/em> <a href=\"https:\/\/pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/articles\/PMC10094541\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Full text \/ PubMed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">PBM 600-1,070 nm, energy density 1-150 J\/cm\u00b2. Optimal for inflammation inhibition: 780-950 nm, 40-80 mW\/cm\u00b2, 4-10 J\/cm\u00b2, 3\u00d7\/week. Whole-body PBM showed systemic immune effects: improved sleep quality, morning stiffness, muscle cramp reduction, psychological factors. Particularly relevant for chronic inflammatory systemic diseases (e.g. fibromyalgia, RA).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Review of light parameters and PBM efficacy (Hamblin, Harvard)<\/strong><br><em>J. Biomed. Optics (PMC) (2021)<\/em> <a href=\"https:\/\/pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/articles\/PMC8355782\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Full text \/ PubMed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Basic work on parameter determination (Hamblin\/Harvard). Central statement: No universal agreement on optimal parameters - power density &lt; 100 mW\/cm\u00b2 and energy density 4-10 J\/cm\u00b2 at the target tissue are considered consensus for conservative recommendation. Biphasic dose response (Arndt-Schulz): cell stimulation between 0.5-10 J\/cm\u00b2, inhibition over ~30 J\/cm\u00b2. Tissues with a high mitochondrial content (muscle, nerve, heart, brain) require more energy than tissues with a low mitochondrial content (skin, tendon, cartilage).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Klinische_Empfehlungen\"><\/span>Clinical recommendations<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Photobiomodulation is the first non-invasive therapy modality with proven clinical efficacy in at least 7 different medical disciplines. The strength of the evidence varies: The most robust data is for oral mucositis (MASCC\/ISOO guideline), wound healing (meta-analyses LoE I) and muscle regeneration in sports. The areas of brain\/neurology and AMD are very promising, but are still being developed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Allgemeine_Dosierungsregeln_Konsensus\"><\/span>General dosage rules (consensus)<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Absorbed dose<\/strong><br>5-50 joules total per session (guide value: ~25 J)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Wavelength per target<\/strong><br>660 nm for skin\/surface<br>810-850 nm for muscles\/joints\/deep tissue<br>1,050-1,064 nm for brain<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Power density per depth<\/strong><br>Skin 6-50 mW\/cm\u00b2<br>Muscles 50-100 mW\/cm\u00b2<br>Brain (transcranial) 25-285 mW\/cm\u00b2<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Observe biphasics<\/strong><br>Higher doses are not automatically better.<br>- Skin: max. 20 J\/cm\u00b2<br>- Neurons: max. 10 J\/cm\u00b2 on the target tissue<br>- for muscles: max. 30-50 J\/cm\u00b2<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Combination devices<\/strong> - 660 + 850 nm offer broadest spectrum; require ~50% more treatment time<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Treatment interval<\/strong><br>Daily to 3\u00d7\/week; break recommended every 1-2 days for cell recovery<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Evidenzstarke_nach_Bereich\"><\/span>Strength of evidence by area<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Very strong (LoE I, WALT\/MASCC guidelines)<\/strong><br>- Mucositis in cancer<br>- Wound healing<br>- Collagen\/skin<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Strong (LoE I, meta-analyses)<\/strong><br>- Muscle regeneration<br>- Fibromyalgia<br>- AMD<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Moderate (LoE II, RCTs)<\/strong><br>- Knee osteoarthritis<br>- neuropathic pain<br>- Cognition (transcranial)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Early (preclinical\/pilot)<\/strong><br>- Detoxification, lymphatic system<br>- Long-term cancer survival<br>- 1,064 nm deep brain structures<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Kontakt_zu_PBM-Anwendern_%E2%80%93_Arzte_Kliniken\"><\/span>Contact with PBM users - doctors \/ clinics<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Augenheilkunde_%E2%80%93_Trockene_AMD_Makuladegeneration\"><\/span>Ophthalmology - Dry AMD (macular degeneration)<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">This is the most clinically developed and regulatory-safe area. The device&nbsp;<strong>Valeda (LumiThera)<\/strong>&nbsp;is CE-certified and has been approved in Europe since 2018; FDA-approved since November 2024.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><thead><tr><th>Provider<\/th><th>Location<\/th><th>link<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td><strong>Macular Retina Center<\/strong>&nbsp;(Prof. Dr. Hakan Kaymak - one of the world's most experienced users, performs ~10 % of all PBM treatments worldwide)<\/td><td>D\u00fcsseldorf<\/td><td><a href=\"https:\/\/augenchirurgie.clinic\/behandlungen\/photobiomodulation\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">ophthalmicsurgery.clinic<\/a><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Ophthalmologist Witten<\/strong>&nbsp;(Dr. Riha) - one of the first practices in Germany<\/td><td>Witten \/ NRW<\/td><td><a href=\"https:\/\/www.augenarzt-witten.de\/photobiomodulation\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">augenarzt-witten.de<\/a><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Ophthalmologist Munich<\/strong>&nbsp;(Dr. Augsten)<\/td><td>Munich<\/td><td><a href=\"https:\/\/www.augenarzt-muc.de\/netzhaut\/behandlung\/valeda\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">augenarzt-muc.de<\/a><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Ophthalmologists Gerl &amp; Colleagues<\/strong>&nbsp;(Valeda program)<\/td><td>Munich<\/td><td><a href=\"https:\/\/www.augenklinik.de\/behandlung\/valeda\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">eyeclinic.com<\/a><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Dr. Riha Ophthalmology<\/strong><\/td><td>Vienna \/ AT<\/td><td><a href=\"https:\/\/dr-riha.com\/photobiomodulation\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">dr-riha.com<\/a><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Ophthalmologists Bern<\/strong>&nbsp;(CH)<\/td><td>Berne \/ CH<\/td><td><a href=\"https:\/\/www.augenaerzte-bern.ch\/leistungen\/photobiomodulation-bei-altersbedingter-makuladegeneration\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">augenaerzte-bern.ch<\/a><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Bern Eye Clinic<\/strong>&nbsp;(Prof. Garweg)<\/td><td>Berne \/ CH<\/td><td><a href=\"https:\/\/augenklinik-bern.ch\/fachpublikum\/amd-sprechstunde\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">eye-clinic-bern.ch<\/a><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Note:<\/strong>\u00a0The costs are generally not covered by statutory health insurance (IGeL).<br>LumiThera offers a search engine for other Valeda centers on its website.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Onkologie_%E2%80%93_Orale_Mukositis_Chemo-Strahlentherapiefolge\"><\/span>Oncology - Oral mucositis (consequence of chemotherapy\/radiotherapy)<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">PBM for the prevention and treatment of oral mucosal inflammation is guideline-based (MASCC\/ISOO) and is increasingly being integrated into oncology supportive care programs. A European clinical guideline was established for the first time in 2025\/2026.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><thead><tr><th>Provider<\/th><th>Notice<\/th><th>link<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td><strong>rj-laser.com<\/strong>&nbsp;- Dental laser therapy platform with clinical protocols for mucositis<\/td><td>Specialist portal DE\/AT\/CH<\/td><td><a href=\"https:\/\/rj-laser.com\/de\/lasertherapie-mukositis-chemotherapieinduziert\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">rj-laser.com<\/a><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Cancer Information Service (KID)<\/strong><\/td><td>Strongly recommends PBM as an option for mucositis in supportive therapy<\/td><td><a href=\"https:\/\/www.krebsinformationsdienst.de\/fileadmin\/pdf-dateien\/informationsblaetter\/iblatt-mukositis-bei-krebs.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">krebsinformationsdienst.de<\/a><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Specific clinics in Germany that routinely offer PBM for mucositis rarely publish this explicitly on patient websites. The treatment usually takes place as part of dental supportive care in large oncology centers (e.g. university hospitals).<br>It is advisable to contact the treating oncology center or maxillofacial surgeon.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Dermatologie_%E2%80%93_Haut_Wundheilung_Akne_Psoriasis\"><\/span>Dermatology - skin, wound healing, acne, psoriasis<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">PBM using LED light therapy is established in many dermatology practices and aesthetic clinics.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><thead><tr><th>Provider<\/th><th>Location<\/th><th>link<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td><strong>Dermatology Dr. Friedl<\/strong>&nbsp;- LED light therapy (Medisol\u00ae) for acne, vitiligo, psoriasis, skin ageing, white skin cancer (PDT)<\/td><td>Austria<\/td><td><a href=\"https:\/\/www.dermatologie-friedl.de\/leistungen\/aesthetische-medizin\/led-lichttherapie-mit-medisol-lampe\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">dermatology-friedl.com<\/a><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In addition, many aesthetic dermatology practices and laser centers in Germany use PBM (e.g. with Fotona systems). We recommend searching for \u201eLED light therapy dermatology\u201c or \u201ePBM dermatologist\u201c with a location.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Zahnmedizin_MKG-Chirurgie\"><\/span>Dentistry \/ maxillofacial surgery<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">PBM is widely used in dentistry, e.g. for temporomandibular joint pain (CMD), postoperative wound healing, implants and mucositis. Orthodontists use the&nbsp;<strong>OrthoPulse\u00ae device<\/strong>&nbsp;to accelerate tooth movement (self-application, approx. \u20ac 600).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><thead><tr><th>Provider \/ Portal<\/th><th>Notice<\/th><th>link<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td><strong>ZWP Online<\/strong>&nbsp;- Overview of KFO-PBM<\/td><td>Specialist portal<\/td><td><a href=\"https:\/\/www.zwp-online.info\/zwpnews\/wirtschaft-und-recht\/recht\/photobiomodulation-in-der-kieferorthopadie\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">zwp-online.info<\/a><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Fotona laser systems<\/strong>&nbsp;(dealer\/clinic search possible)<\/td><td>Dental and medical PBM, LightWalker<\/td><td><a href=\"https:\/\/www.fotona.com\/de\/treatments\/6496\/photobiomodulation-und-schmerzbehandlung\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">fotona.com<\/a><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Neurologie_Psychiatrie_%E2%80%93_Alzheimer_TBI_Depression_fruhe_Phase\"><\/span>Neurology \/ Psychiatry - Alzheimer's, TBI, depression (early phase)<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">This area is still undergoing clinical trials. Regularly approved patient services in Germany are still rare; however, the first centers and studies do exist.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><thead><tr><th>Provider \/ Portal<\/th><th>Notice<\/th><th>link<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td><strong>PBM-Photobiomodulation.eu<\/strong>&nbsp;- European information portal with practical overview<\/td><td>DACH region<\/td><td><a href=\"https:\/\/pbm-photobiomodulation.eu\/PBM\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">pbm-photobiomodulation.eu<\/a><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Neurofeedback Luxembourg<\/strong>&nbsp;- informs about neurological PBM applications<\/td><td>LU\/DACH<\/td><td><a href=\"https:\/\/neurofeedback-luxembourg.com\/de\/photobiomodulation-ein-umfassender-leitfaden-fur-lichttherapievorteile\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">neurofeedback-luxembourg.com<\/a><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Allgemeine_Suchwerkzeuge\"><\/span>General search tools<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>The manufacturer LumiThera offers on its website a\u00a0<strong>Location search<\/strong>\u00a0for Valeda practices:\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.lumithera.com\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">lumithera.com<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The portal\u00a0<strong>pbm-photobiomodulation.eu<\/strong>\u00a0lists European practices<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The\u00a0<strong>World Association for Laser Therapy (WALT)<\/strong>\u00a0offers a global therapist search<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Important note:<\/strong>\u00a0Cost coverage by statutory health insurance funds is not yet regulated in Germany for most PBM indications (except for supportive oncology in some centers).<br>PBM is predominantly used as\u00a0<strong>IGeL service<\/strong>\u00a0billed privately.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:100px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>The document is based on peer-reviewed literature from PubMed, PMC, Frontiers, MDPI, Springer and Nature in the period from 2019 to 02.2026. <\/em><br>Shown <em>Parameters are taken from clinical studies and WALT\/MASCC recommendations.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:100px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">All contents have been conscientiously researched and reflect the current (02.2026) published state of knowledge. It is for information purposes only and does not replace a professional medical consultation.<br><br>Linked studies provide the practitioner with further medical and scientific information.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Umfassende Studien\u00fcbersicht 2023\u20132025 Einleitung Photobiomodulation (PBM), auch bekannt als Low-Level-Lasertherapie (LLLT), ist eine nicht-invasive therapeutische Methode, die Licht bestimmter Wellenl\u00e4ngen nutzt, um biologische Prozesse in lebendem Gewebe zu stimulieren.Prim\u00e4rer Mechanismus ist die Absorption von Photonen durch den mitochondrialen Photoakzeptor Cytochrom-c-Oxidase (CCO), was die ATP-Synthese steigert, reaktive Sauerstoffspezies moduliert und eine Kaskade zellul\u00e4rer Regenerationsprozesse anst\u00f6\u00dft. Das&hellip;&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/csiag.de\/en\/blog\/2026\/02\/18\/photobiomodulation-pbm\/\" rel=\"bookmark\">Read More \"<span class=\"screen-reader-text\">Photobiomodulation (PBM)<\/span><\/a><\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_lmt_disableupdate":"","_lmt_disable":"","neve_meta_sidebar":"","neve_meta_container":"","neve_meta_enable_content_width":"","neve_meta_content_width":0,"neve_meta_title_alignment":"","neve_meta_author_avatar":"","neve_post_elements_order":"","neve_meta_disable_header":"","neve_meta_disable_footer":"","neve_meta_disable_title":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[1078,354],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-12784","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-medizin","category-medizin-gesundheit"],"acf":[],"modified_by":"Achim Goerner","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/csiag.de\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12784","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/csiag.de\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/csiag.de\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/csiag.de\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/csiag.de\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=12784"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/csiag.de\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12784\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":13627,"href":"https:\/\/csiag.de\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12784\/revisions\/13627"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/csiag.de\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=12784"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/csiag.de\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=12784"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/csiag.de\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=12784"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}