Table of contents
Updated - February 14, 2026
If prostate CA or pancreatic CA (carcinoma) is suspected, a biopsy will either provide the longed-for relief or sobering confirmation of the suspected diagnosis.
But what can you do to prevent it effectively or even, in the early stages, to avoid an operation with significant consequences and stress?
The Heidelberg University Clinic was already addressing this question regarding prostate CA before 2013 as part of its own Research within this Pilot study evaluating broccoli sprouts in advanced pancreatic cancer (POUDER trial) – study protocol for a randomized controlled trial (as of June 3, 2014) got to the bottom. Other researchers have also addressed this question.
There is now a significant body of evidence to confirm this Studies resort to this, which turns the initially vague glimmer of hope into a clear and unmistakable light at the end of the tunnel.
In addition, the i.v. administration of 75g vitamin C (in parallel with chemotherapy) in stage IV pancreatic cancer has been shown to reduce the risk of cancer in this randomized controlled trial. study the mortality risk by 54 %.
Sulforaphane
Initially, hope rested on the extract Sulforaphane of broccoli seeds. For the first time in 1990 Sulforaphane at the Johns Hopkins School of Medicine isolated from broccoli in order to investigate its anticarcinogenic effects in more detail.
This effect, which was initially only hoped for, has now been confirmed: Sulforaphane can prevent the development of cancer cells and initiate apoptosis, the cell death of cancer cells from different types of cancer.
Sulforaphane is an isothiocyanate, a mustard oil obtained from enzymatic hydrolysis of the mustard oil glycoside Glucoraphanin is obtained.
Glucoraphanin
Glucoraphanin is the stable precursor (glucosinolate) of sulforaphane. Through the enzyme Myrosinase glucoraphanin is converted into the biologically active sulforaphane during chewing, slicing or in the intestine. Unlike sulforaphane, glucoraphanin is heat and storage stable.
The enzyme myrosinase is stable in the range of 30 - 35 °C, sulforaphane up to 40 °C and glucoraphanin up to around 100 °C. Temperatures above this lead to degradation (decomposition) of the active ingredients and thus to a partial or complete loss of effectiveness.
Active ingredient content
The active ingredient content of different types of broccoli varies, as do growing conditions such as soil, minerals, climate, harvest time and storage conditions.
Adult broccoli heads - 100g fresh weight

Broccoli sprouts (sprouted for 3-5 days)
Broccoli sprouts contain 10 to 100 times more glucoraphanin than full-grown broccoli heads:

Broccoli seeds (unsprouted/raw)

Preparations available on the market
Preparations with glucoraphanin with myrosinase
These preparations contain the stable precursor glucoraphanin and the enzyme myrosinase, so that sulforaphane is only formed „on site“ in the body.


Preparations with sprout powder/granules

Preparations with sprout extract

Stabilized sulforaphane (highest bioavailability)

Dosage recommendations
Scientific studies typically use:
- Preventive
5-25 mg sulforaphane per day - Therapeutic
30-90 mg sulforaphane per day
Corresponds to approx. 0.4 mg sulforaphane per kg body weight
Optimization of sulforaphane formation
- Myrosinase is destroyed at > 60°C
Broccoli only raw or briefly steamed (< 5 minutes at < 60°C) - Chew thoroughly
activates myrosinase - After cutting, wait approx. 40-90 minutes before heating
triples the sulforaphane content - alternative
Add mustard powder to the cooked broccoli (provides myrosinase)
Quality criteria
- Glucoraphanin + myrosinase
preferred (highest stability) - Laboratory-tested batches
with salary slips - Made from broccoli seeds or sprouts
Highest content - Stabilized sulforaphane (prostaphane)
Highest bioavailability, but only available in Europe
Gut health is a prerequisite
The intestine plays the most important role in the conversion of glucoraphanin into sulforaphane. If the intestinal flora is disturbed, the conversion of the supplied glucoraphanin into the required sulforaphane cannot take place to a sufficient extent.
One possibility is a bowel cleansing / detoxification / bowel treatment or, if this would be too much of a burden for health reasons, the use of preparations with Myrosinase necessary.
Effect
While well-known antioxidants such as vitamin C, E, β-carotene neutralize free radicals directly Sulforaphane another, more effective way.
It activates phase II enzymes, which trigger the body's own defense mechanisms of an antioxidant nature. Sulforaphane destroyed Microtubules, the cytoskeleton, as well as essential metabolic pathways of the tumor cells and thus leads to their destruction.
In addition to these effects, which are important for carcinomas, wait Sulforaphane with other positive properties.
This is intended, among other things, to combat the germ responsible for stomach ulcers Helicobacter pylori, as well as other germs that have become resistant to conventional antibiotics, can be effective.
A beneficial effect on total cholesterol, LDL and triglycerides, as well as liver enzymes has also been described.
Studies
- Historical discovery - 1997
https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/1997/09/970919062654.htm - John Hopkins - 2023
https://hub.jhu.edu/magazine/2023/spring/broccoli-sprouts-health-research/ - Traka et al, - 2013
https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3666090/ - Mithen - 2013 - Acta Horticulturae
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/284250534_Development_and_commercialisation_of_’Beneforte’_broccoli_and_potential_health_benefits - Qualitative analyses of the University of Münster - Hensel & Lechtenberg - 2020 (main publication)
https://www.thieme-connect.de/products/ejournals/html/10.1055/a-1126-9287 - Lechtenberg et al. (2023) - Sprouted seeds
https://www.thieme-connect.com/products/ejournals/abstract/10.1055/a-2179-8902 - Publication list
https://www.uni-muenster.de/Chemie.pb/forschung/NEM-Botanicals/Publikationsliste_NEM-Botanicals.html - Bioavailability study 2019
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31261930/
Prostate CA
- 16.09.2025 - Sulforaphane as a potential therapeutic agent: a comprehensive analysis of clinical trials and mechanistic insights
Prostate cancer studies showed that sulforaphane altered the expression of oncogenic genes in prostate tissue but did not reduce PSA levels in plasma - Full text - 24.11.2023 - Efficacy and tolerability of sulforaphane in the therapeutic management of cancers
Different dosing regimens, sulforaphane treatment led to statistically significant changes in several important genes and histological biomarkers
Full text - 16.06.2023 - Anticancer properties of sulforaphane: current insights at the molecular level
Full text - 10.04.2023 - Sulforaphane and Its Protective Role in Prostate Cancer: A Mechanistic Approach
Review of mechanisms of action
Full text - 23.01.23 - https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/oncology/articles/10.3389/fonc.2023.1089115/full
Full text - 20.04.2021 - Sulforaphane as a Promising Natural Molecule for Cancer Prevention and Treatment
in addition to the abridged version linked here, unfortunately only available in full text - for a fee - 18.11.2020 - Sulforaphane Reduces Prostate Cancer Cell Growth and Proliferation In Vitro by Modulating the Cdk-Cyclin Axis and Expression of the CD44 Variants 4, 5, and 7
specialized study provides deeper insights
Full text - 15.04.2019 - Transcriptional changes in prostate of men on active surveillance after a 12-mo glucoraphanin-rich broccoli intervention
RNA sequencing showed dose-dependent inhibition of oncogenic signaling pathways including TGF-β, KRAS, NF-κB and Notch - 03.08.2015 - Effect of Sulforaphane in Men with Biochemical Recurrence after Radical Prostatectomy
PSA doubling time was 86% longer in the sulforaphane group (28.9 months) than in the placebo group (15.5 months)
Full text
For those who do not speak medical English, please refer to the German-language and basic publications from the Heidelberg University Hospital mentioned at the beginning.
Pancreas CA
Notice: If you have advanced pancreatic cancer, you should talk to your doctor, as high-dose broccoli sprout supplements can increase nausea and vomiting during chemotherapy.
- 04.12.2024 - Anti-Cancer Effect of Sulforaphane in Human Pancreatic Cancer Cells Mia PaCa-2
Sulforaphane inhibits GSK-3β activity by phosphorylating Ser9; inactivation of GSK-3β increases apoptosis through β-catenin/caspase-3/PRAR and NF-κB/BCL-2 signaling pathways - available in full text - 29.08.2024 - Sulforaphane regulates cell proliferation and induces apoptotic cell death mediated by ROS-cell cycle arrest in pancreatic cancer cells
Sulforaphane induces apoptosis through ROS cell cycle arrest, also available as full text - 24.11.2023) - Efficacy and tolerability of sulforaphane in the therapeutic management of cancers: a systematic review of randomized controlled trials
freely available full text publication - 27.06.2019 - Broccoli sprout supplementation in patients with advanced pancreatic cancer is difficult despite positive effects-results from the POUDER pilot study
Dosage: 15 capsules daily with 90 mg/508 μmol sulforaphane and 180 mg/411 μmol glucoraphanin for up to 1 year
Results: Lower mean mortality rate in the treatment group during the first 6 months (day 30: 0%/18%)
Restrictions: High discontinuation rate (72%), some patients had difficulty with 15 capsules daily - 05.05.2019 - Sulforaphane Induces miR135b-5p and Its Target Gene, RASAL2, thereby Inhibiting the Progression of Pancreatic Cancer
also describes the disruption of the miR135b-5p/RASAL2 signaling pathway, which is important for tumor growth, and is available in full text free of charge - 22.01.2014) Sulforaphane counteracts aggressiveness of pancreatic cancer driven by dysregulated Cx43-mediated gap junctional intercellular communication
deals with the dysregulation (disruption) of the communication pathway between tumor cells by sulforaphane, also available free of charge in full text - 01.12.2013 - Sulforaphane inhibits pancreatic cancer through disrupting Hsp90-p50Cdc37 complex and direct interactions with amino acid residues of Hsp90
in free full text version - 23.03.2012 - Sulforaphane inhibits pancreatic cancer through disrupting Hsp90-p50Cdc37 complex
Sulforaphane disrupts the Hsp90 complex and induces degradation of Hsp90 client proteins
Full text - 29.08.2011 - Sulforaphane Potentiates the Efficacy of 17-AAG Against Pancreatic Cancer
Co-administration of sulforaphane and 17-AAG in the xenograft model resulted in over 70% inhibition of tumor growth, while 17-AAG alone suppressed only 50%
Full text